AGRICULTURE. 
with the roots, whatever they may happen 
to be, which have been raised for their winter 
food. Having calved, they should be kept 
perfectly separate from the lean stock, 
whether in the house or in another yard, 
and their food should be continued as be- 
fore. Winter feeding cows with hay, even 
though none be given them before they 
calve, breaks in greatly upon the profits of 
the dairy. Cabbages will maintain them in 
the cheapest manner, and not give any un- 
pleasant flavour to the milk and butter. The 
heart alone of the cabbage, however, should 
be given to them, and the refuse leaves be left 
to be picked up by the lean cattle. In the 
month of May they should be kept in parti- 
cularly good feed, for which purpose they 
should be turned into the fields of clover, 
which had been early eaten off by sheep. 
Lucerne is, however, perhaps preferable to 
clover, as it is equally nourishing, and gives 
no ill fla vour. When mown, and given in 
racks or cribs, it will go farther than in any 
other way, and yield an increased quantity 
of the most valuable manure, a circumstance 
which has been often insisted upon, and can- 
not be too frequently suggested. The feed- 
ing place should be kept extremely well 
littered. The profit of cows, in these cir- 
cumstances, will be greater than turning 
them into luxuriant fields of these artificial 
grasses, although the quantity of their pro- 
duce might by the latter method probably 
be increased ; but by trampling upon and 
spoiling considerably more than they would 
eat, the little superior milk in richness or 
quantity which might be produced would be 
purchased at a most heavy expense, and one 
acre so managed would be requisite for 
every cow, while, by soiling, it would be 
amply sufficient for three. The clear profit 
in the comparison of any two modes of ma- 
nagement is the grand point of the farmer’s 
consideration, and whatever the farmer finds 
most profitable will eventually, it must be 
remembered, most benefit the public. 
Whatever green meat be thus used in soil- 
ing, should be fresh mown every two days, 
the quantity being, as nearly as may be 
adapted to the number to be so fed, not 
only of cows, but of other stock. Lucerne, 
if well managed, will bear four mowings for 
this purpose. 
Cows should be milked three times a day, 
if fully fed, throughout the summer ; and great 
caution should be exercised by the persons 
employed to draw the milk from them com- 
pletely, not 'only to increase the quantity of 
produce, but to preserve its quality. Any 
portion which may be left in the udder 
seems gradually to be absorbed into the 
system, and no more is formed than enough 
to supply the loss of what is taken away, and 
by the continuance of the same mode a yet 
farther diminution of the secretion takes 
place, until at length scarcely any is pro- 
duced. This mode of milking is always 
practised when it is intended that a cow 
should be rendered dry. 
The apartments appropriated to dairy 
purposes should, if possible, possess a mode- 
rate temperature throughout the year, and 
should be kept perfectly clean and dry. 
The temperature of about fifty-five degrees 
is most favourable for the separation of the 
cream from the milk. The utensils of the 
dairy are best made of wood : lead and cop- 
per are soluble ill acid, and highly pernicious ; 
and though iron is not injurious, the taste of 
it might render the produce of the dairy un- 
palatable. 
OBJECTS OF ATTENTION, WITH A VIEW TO 
THE SETTLEMENT AND SUCCESS OF A 
YOUNG AGRICULTURIST. 
It is an object of extreme importance and 
difficulty to awaken due attention, without 
exciting useless anxiety. In selecting a si- 
tuation in which to exercise the occupation 
of a farmer, various circumstances are mi- 
nutely and deliberately to be regarded, and 
great consideration is required to form an 
accurate comparison of advantages and dis- 
advantages. After these have been fully 
ascertained, a balance is to be drawn, and a 
decision to be made. More attention than 
time is requisite for this purpose, and hesi- 
tating, broken application will often occupy 
a longer period in arriving at an injudicious 
determination than, with persevering and 
dispassionate examination, is necessary to 
obtain a correct one. Headlong temerity, 
which diminishes, or even annihilates to the 
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mind substantial evils, and minute, appre- 
hensive prudence, by which every ant-hill of 
difficulty is made to swell into a mountain, 
are both to be carefully avoided ; and a firm 
confidence in human exertion should unite 
on this critical occasion with keen and com- 
prehensive observation. The soil is an ob- 
ject of particular consideration, in reference 
to a vast variety of circumstances ; as to its 
stiffness and moisture, levelness or slope ; its 
exposure or its stoniness; the manuring, 
draining, and fencing that may be required ; 
the state of the roads ; the accessibility of 
markets ; the prices of manufactures, of pro- 
duce, and labour; the custom of tithes; the 
