■HBH 
ANA 
about Smyrna. It is a shrub that rises 8 or 
10 feet high, and produces its flowers in 
April and May, which are of a bright yellow 
colour, growing on spikes, somewhat like 
those of the laburnum : the seeds are never 
perfected in this country. The second is a 
native of Canada, and some of the islands of 
the Archipelago, and is very rare in Eng- 
lish gardens. The third is an upright shrub, 
equal to a middle-sized tree : branches 
hanging down, frequently scandent : a na- 
tive of the woods of Cochinchina. 
These may be propagated by laying down 
their tender branches in the spring, observ- 
ing to tongue them in the same manner as 
the layers of carnations. 
ANALCIME, in mineralogy, a species of 
Zeolite, found crystallised in the cavaties of 
basalt. The primitive form of its crystals 
is a cube . It is sometimes found crystallis- 
ed in cubes, whose solid angles are want- 
ing, and three small triangular faces in place 
of each; sometimes in polyhedrons with 
twenty-four faces. Specific gravity 2. Co- 
lour white,, sometimes red. When rubbed 
it acquires only a small degree of electricity, 
and with difficulty. Before the blow-pipe 
it melts without frothing into a white trans- 
parent glass. 
ANALEMMA, in geometry, a projec- 
tion of the sphere on the plane of the meri- 
dian, orthographically made by straight 
lines and ellipses, the eye being supposed at 
an infinite distance; and in the east or west 
points of the horizon. See Maps. 
Analrmma denotes likewise an instru- 
ment of brass or wood, upon which this 
kind of projection is drawn, with an hori- 
zon and cursor fitted to it, wherein the 
solstitial colure, and all circles parallel to it, 
will be concentric circles; all circles ob- 
lique to the eye will be ellipses; and all 
circles whose planes pass through the eye, 
will be right lines. The use of this instru- 
ment is to shew the common astronomical 
problems. 
ANALOGY, in matters of literature, a 
certain relation and agreement between two 
or more things ; which in other respects are 
entirely different ; thus the foot of a moun- 
tain bears an analogy to the foot of an animal, 
although they are two very different things. 
There is likewise an analogy between 
beings that have some conformity or resem- 
blance to one another; for example, be- 
tween animals and plants, and between 
metals and vegetables ; but the analogy is 
still stronger between two different species 
of certain animals. 
A N A 
Analogy, among grammarians, is the 
correspondence which a word or phrase 
bears to the genius and received forms of a 
language. 
ANALYSIS, in a general sense, is the 
resolution of something compounded, into 
its constituent parts. Hence, 
Analysis, in chemistry, is the separation 
of any substance into its constituent parts, 
with a view of ascertaining their nature, 
relative proportion, and mode of union. An 
instance of this kind is to be had in the de- 
composition of water, by which it is found 
that the constituent parts are hydrogen and 
oxygen, in the proportion of fifteen part* 
of the former and eighty-five parts of the 
latter. As every operation in chemistry is 
attended with a disunion of parts, the for- 
mation of new compounds is almost an in- 
variable consequence : hence the business 
of analysis, is intimately connected with the 
whole of chemical science, and can be only 
thoroughly understood by one that is well 
versed in every branch of chemistry. On 
so an extensive a subject it is in vain to 
attempt laying down precise rules for the 
mode of operation generally. We may, 
however, observe that a compound once 
formed, perpetually acquires the powers of 
an element, in being able to unite, unde- 
composed, with other bodies simple or com- 
pounded, in various proportions ; and thus 
to produce new substances in which the 
constituent parts often retain their original 
affinities, and in analysis again separate into 
their elementary substances. We may re- 
fer to nitrate of ammonia, which is a salt 
composed of nitric acid, ammonia, and 
water, each of which is itself a compound, 
but in this particular combination it acts as 
an elementary body : thus, nitric acid con- 
sists of azote and oxygen : ammonia, of azote 
and hydrogen : and water, as we have seen, of 
oxygen and hydrogen : so that in truth there 
are only azote, hydrogen, and oxygen, that 
enter into the combination of nitrate of 
ammonia ; but in their simple state they 
cannot be made to form the salt : it is requi- 
site that the acid, the alkali, and the water, 
should be first formed, in order to get the 
neutral salt. 
The business of chemical analysis is to re- 
solve abody into its constituent parts ; but the 
first question is to determine, in every in- 
stance of analysis, whether the resolution 
should proceed to entire separation into real 
elements, or only into those compounds which 
act as elements, as in the case referred to, 
whether the nitrate of ammonia should be 
