ANA 
resolver! into azote, hydrogen, and oxygen : 
01 whether it should not first be reduced 
into nitric acid, ammonia, and water. The 
former mode is best calculated for research, 
the latter for utility ; but a mixture of the 
two methods is commonly adopted, where 
the proportion and nature of the compound 
produced has already been fully ascertained 
t>y previous experiment. The most rigid 
proof of the accuracy of analysis, is to he 
able to produce the same compound by 
uniting the identical parts which we have 
given as its constituents. This can rarely 
be performed in a maimer perfectly satis- 
factory, but it frequently happens that a sub- 
stance may be reproduced that resembles the 
one analysed, by employing similar constitu- 
ents, if not the identical substances. This 
proof even is almost totally wanting in the 
analysis of organised bodies, whether veget- 
able or animal, especially when reduced to 
their ultimate elements, and generally when 
only separated into their immediate consti- 
tuents. The agents made use of in analysis, 
are heat, the electric and galvanic fluids, 
if they are two fluids, and the application 
of re-agents or substances, which indicate 
the parts of the body to be examined. 
Analysis, among logicians, is a method 
of tracing things backward to their source, 
and of resolving knowledge into its original 
principles. It is also called the method of 
resolution, and stands opposed to the syn- 
thetic method, or method of composition. 
The art of this method consists chiefly ip 
combining our perceptions, and classing 
them together with address ; and in con- 
triving a proper expression of our thoughts, 
so as to represent their several divisions, 
classes, and relations. This is clearly seen 
in the manner of computing by figures in 
arithmetic, but more particularly in the 
symbols applied in resolving algebraical 
problems. 
Analysis, among mathematicians, the 
art of discovering the truth or falsehood of a 
proposition, or its possibility and impossibi- 
lity. This is done by supposing the propo- 
sition, such as it is, true ; and examining 
what follows from thence, until we arrive at 
some evident truth, or some impossibility,, 
of which the first proposition is a necessary 
consequence; and from thence establish 
the truth or impossibility of that propo- 
sition. 
The analysis of the ancient geometricians 
consisted in the application of the proposi- 
tions of Euclid, Apollonius, &c. till they ar- 
rived, proceeding step by step, at the truth 
ANA 
required. That of the moderns, though not 
so elegant, must, however, be allowed more 
ready and general. By this last, geometri- 
cal demonstrations are wonderfully abridg- 
ed, a number of truths are frequently ex- 
pressed by a single line, and whole sciences 
may sometimes be learned in a few minutes, 
which otherwise would be scarcely attained 
in many years. 
Analysis is divided, with regard to its ob- 
ject, into that of Unites and infinites. Ana- 
lysis of infinite quantities, thatwhich is called 
specious arithmetic. Analysis of infinites, 
tiie same with fluxions. See Fluxions. 
Analysis, in minerology, includes the 
examination of metallic ores, and of the 
other products of the mineral kingdom. See 
Minerals, analysis of. 
Analysis of soils, the means of ascertain- 
ing the nature, properties, and proportions 
of the different materials of which they are 
composed. The proper execution of this 
business enables the farmer to form a just 
estimate of the value of the different parts 
of his lands, to make the application of ame- 
liorating substances with propriety, and to 
understand the effects that may be pro- 
duced by the combinations of different mat- 
ters. The apparatus necessary for this bu- 
siness are scales and weights of different 
sizes ; some porcelain, glass, or stone-ware 
vessels, unglazed ; some muriatic and sul, 
phuric acid, alkali, galls, and pure distilled 
water. 
ANAMORPHOSIS, in perspective and 
painting, a monstrous projection, or repre- 
sentation of an image on a plane or curve 
surface, which, heheld at a proper distance, 
shall appear regular ana in proportion. 
To delineate an an amorphosis upon a 
plane : 1, Draw the square A B C D, (Plate I. 
Miscel. fig. 4.) of h bigness at pleasure, and 
subdivide ipto a number of little squares. 
2. In this square, called the craticular pro- 
totype, let the image to be represented de- 
formed, be drawn. 3. Then draw tiie line 
a i (ibid. fig. 5.) equal to A B, and divide it 
into the same number of equal parts as the 
side pf the prototype AB- 4. Erect the 
perpendicular EV, in the middle of a b, so 
much the longer as the deformity of the 
image is to be greater. 5. Draw VS per- 
pendicular to EV, so much the shorter as 
you would have the image appear more de- 
formed. From each point of division draw 
strait lines to V, and join the points a, and 
S, by the right line a S. 6. Through the 
points defg draw right lines parallel to a b, 
then will abed, be the space in which the 
