ANA 
utmost southern limit in this quarter, al- 
though a few solitary instances of single 
birds being shot further southward along 
the coast have sometimes happened. 
Anas Marila, scaup duck. This species 
measures, when stretched out, nearly twenty 
inches in length, and thirty-two in breadth. 
The bill is broad and fiat, more than two 
inches long, from the corners of the mouth 
to the tip, and of a fine pale blue or lead 
colour, with the nail black : irides bright 
deep yellow : the head and upper half of 
the neck are black, glossed with green: the 
lower part of the latter, and the breast, are 
of a sleek plain black: the throat, rump, 
upper and under coverts of the tail, and 
part of the thighs are of the same colour, 
but dull, and more inclining to brown. The 
tail, when spread out, is fan-shaped, and 
consists of 1 fourteen short, brown feathers. 
The legs are short, toes long, and, as well 
as the outer or lateral webs of the inner 
toes, are of a dirty pale blue colour ; all the 
joints and the rest of the webs are dusky. 
These birds are said to vary greatly in their 
plumage, as well as size ; but those which 
have come under the author’s observation 
were all nearly alike. The scaup duck, like 
others of the same genus, quits the rigours 
of the dreary north in the winter months, 
and in that season only is met with , in small 
numbers, on various parts of the British 
shores. 
Anas Clangula, the golden-eye. The 
weight of this species varies from twenty- 
six ounces to two pounds. The length is 
nineteen inches, and the breadth thirty-one. 
These birds do not congregate in large 
flocks, nor are they numerous on the Bri- 
tish shores, or on the lakes in the interior. 
They are late in taking their departure 
northward in , the spring. In their flight 
they make the air whistle with the vi- 
gorous quick strokes of their wings; they 
are excellent divers, and seldom set foot on 
the shore, upon which, it is said, they walk 
with great apparent difficulty, and, except 
in the breeding season, only repair to it for 
the purpose of taking their repose. The at- 
tempts which were made by M. Baillon to 
domesticate these birds, he informs the 
Couut de Buffon, quite failed of success. 
See Plate III. Aves, fig. 1 to 5. 
ANASARCA, in medicine, a species of 
dropsy, wherein the skin appears puffed 
up and swelled, and yields to the impres- 
sion of the fingers, like dough. See Medi- 
cine. 
ANASTATICA, the rose of Jericho, in 
ANA 
botany, a genus of the Tetradynamia Sill- 
culosa class of plants, the calyx of which is 
a deciduous perianthium, consisting of four 
oval, oblong, concave, erect, and deciduous 
leaves: its flower consists of four roundish 
petals, disposed in the form of a cross ; and 
its fruit is a short bilocular pod, containing 
in each cell a single roundish seed. There 
are two species ; one is found growing na- 
turally on tlie coast of thq Red-sea, in Pa- 
lestine, and near Cairo, in sandy places. 
The stalks are ligneous, though the plant is 
annual. It is preserved in botanic gardens 
for the variety, and in some curious gardens 
for the oddness of the plant, which if taken 
up before it is withered, and kept entire in 
a dry room, may be long preserved, and af- 
ter being many years in this situation, if the 
root is placed in a glass of water a few hours, 
the buds of the flowers will swell, open, and 
appear as if newly taken out of the ground. 
The second species, called the A. syriaca, is 
a native of Austria, Steria, Carniola, Syria, 
and Sumatra. These plants, being annual, 
can be propagated only by seeds, which 
rarely ripen in England. 
ANATOMY is the art of examining ani- 
mal bodies by dissection. It teaches the 
structure and functions of these bodies, and 
shews nearly on what life and health depend. 
When these are well understood, a great 
step is made towards the knowledge and 
cure of diseases. , /> 
It is derived from the Greek verb at a- 
I cut up : yet we do not comprehend 
under it the mere cutting of dead bodies ; 
but every operation by which we endeavour 
to discover the structure and use of any part 
of the body. 
As every animal body is the subject ot 
anatomy, we divide it into the human and 
comparative. The first of these, which is 
confined to the human body, forms the sub- 
ject of the present article ; the last, which 
is extended to the whole animal creation, 
will be considered under the head of Com- 
parative Anatomy. The offices or func- 
tions of the various parts of the body are the 
objects of the science of Physiology : to 
which article the reader is referred for those 
subjects. 
The limits, to which we are confined by 
the nature of the present work, will pre vent 
us from entering much into the details of 
the structure and composition of the human 
body. We shall present the reader with a 
general sketch of the subject, as being more 
suited to the space which this article is al- 
lowed to occupy. After a cursory view of 
