ANATOMY. 
scheme for renovation. Accordingly a wise 
Providence, to perpetuate as well as to pre- 
serve his work, besides giving a strong ap- 
petite for life and self-preservation, has 
made animals male and female, and given 
them such organs and passions as will secure 
the propagation of the species to the end of 
the world. 
Thus we see, that by the very imperfect 
survey which human reason is able to take 
of this subject, the animal man must neces- 
sarily be complex in his corporeal system, 
and in its operations. He must have one 
great and general system, the vascular, 
branching through the whole for circulation: 
another, the nervous, with its appendages, 
the organs of sense, for every kind of feel- 
ing : and a third, for the union and connec- 
tion of all those parts. 
Besides these primary and general sys- 
tems, he requires others, which may be 
more local or confined : one for strength, 
support, and protection ; the bony corn- 
pages : another for the requisite motions of 
the parts among themselves, as well as for 
moving from place to place ; the muscular 
part of the body : another to prepare nourish- 
ment for the daily recruit of the body; the 
■djgestive organs: and one for propagating 
the species; the organs of generation. 
In taking this general survey of what 
would appear, a priori, to be necessary for- 
adapting an animal to the situations of hu- 
manity, we observe, with great satisfaction, 
that man is in fact made of such systems, 
and for such purposes. He has them all, 
and he has nothing more, except the organs 
of respiration. Breathing we cannot ac- 
count for a priori, we only know that it is in 
fact essential to life. Notwithstanding this, 
when we see all the other parts of the body, 
and their functions, so well accounted for, 
and so wisely adapted to their several pur- 
poses, we cannot doubt that respiration is so 
likewise. We find, in fact, that the blood 
in its circulation becomes altered in its pro- 
perties, and that these are renewed by the 
absorption of the oxygenous or pure part of 
the atmosphere in the lungs ; we find also, 
that this function is the means of supporting 
the temperature of the animal. 
The use and necessity of all the different 
systems in a man’s body is not more appa- 
i ent than the wisdom and contrivance which 
has been exerted in putting them all into 
the most compact and convenient form, and 
in disposing them so, that they shall mutually 
receive and give helps to one another, and 
thgt all, or many of the parts, shall not only 
answer their principal end or purpose, but 
operate successfully and usefully in many 
secondary ways. 
If we understand and consider the whole 
animal machine in this light, and compare 
it with any machine, in which human art 
has done its utmost, suppose the best con- 
structed ship that ever was built, we shall be 
convinced, beyond the possibility of doubt, 
that there is intelligence and power far 
surpassing what humanity can boast of. 
In making such a comparison, there is a 
peculiarity and superiority in the natural 
machine, which cannot escape observation. 
It is this ; in machines of human contrivance 
or art there is no internal power, no prin- 
ciple in the machine itself, by which it can 
alter or accommodate itself to any injury, 
which it may suffer, or make up any, injury 
which is reparable. But in the natural 
machine, the animal body, this is most 
wonderfully provided for by internal powers 
in the machine itself, many of which are not 
more certain or obvious in their effects, than 
they are above all human comprehension as 
to the manner and means of their operation. 
Thus, a wound heals up of itself; a broken 
bone is made firm again by callus; a dead 
part is separated and thrown off; noxious 
juices are driven out by some of the emunc- 
tories; a redundancy is removed by some 
spontaneous bleeding; a bleeding naturally 
stops of itself; and a great loss of blood, 
from any cause, is in some measure compen- 
sated by a contracting power in the vascular 
system, which accommodates the capacity 
of the vessels to the quantity contained. 
The stomach gives information when the 
supplies have been expended, represents 
with great exactness the quantity and qua- 
lity of what is wanted in the present state 
of the machine, and in proportion as she 
meets with neglect, rises in her demand, 
urges her petition in a louder voice, and 
with more forcible arguments. For its pro- 
tection, an animal body resists heat and 
cold in a very wonderful manner, and pre- 
serves an equal temperature in a burning 
and in a freezing atmosphere. 
There is a farther excellence or superio- 
rity in the natural machine, if possible, still 
more astonishing, more beyond all human 
comprehension, than what we have been 
speaking of. Besides those internal powers 
of self-preservation in each individual, when 
two of them co-operate, or act in concert, 
they are endued with powers of making 
other animals or machines like themselves, 
yvhich again are possessetl of the sains 
