ANATOMY. 
The external carotid continues its course 
upwards between the jaw and the ear, being 
imbedded in the substance of the parotid 
gland. 
Branches of the external carotid artery. 
1. Superior tliyroideal. 
a. Laryngeal branch. 
2. Lingual artery. 
a. Hyoideal branch. 
b. Artery to the back of the tongue. 
c. Raminal artery. 
3. Facial or labial, -or external maxil- 
lary. 
a. Ascending palatine branch. 
b. Arteries to the surrounding 
glands. 
c. Inferior labial artery. 
d. Coronary artery of the lower lip. 
e. Coronary artery of the upper lip. 
a. Nasal arteries. 
4. Ascending pharyngeal artery. 
5. Occipital artery. 
6. Posterior artery of the ear. 
7. Superficial temporal artery. 
a. Branches to the parotid gland. 
b. Anterior auricular arteries. 
c. Transverse artery of the face. 
d. Middle temporal artery. 
e. Anterior temporal branch. 
f Posterior temporal branch. 
8. Internal maxillary artery. 
a. Middle artery of the dura mater, 
or spinous artery. 
b. Inferior maxillary artery. 
c. Pterygoid branches. 
d. Deep temporal branches. 
e. Artery of the cheek. 
/. Alveolar artery of the upper jaw. 
g. Infra-orbital artery. 
h. Superior palatine branch. 
i. Nasal branch. » 
The internal carotid artery enters into 
the skull through the canal formed in the 
substance of the temporal bone. And its 
branches ramify through the substance of 
the brain. All the arteries of the brain 
have thinner coats than these vessels possess 
in any other part of the body. 
Branches of the internal carotid artery. 
1. Ophthalmic artery, supplying all the 
parts contained in the orbit. 
а. Lacrymal branch. 
б. Ethmoidal arteries. 
c. Superior and inferior muscular 
branches. 
d. Central artery of the retina. 
e. Ciliary arteries. 
f Superior and inferior palpebral 
branches. 
g. Nasal artery. 
h. Frontal artery. 
2. Communicating branch. 
3. Anterior artery of the brain. 
4. Middle artery of the brain. 
The subclavian artery passes over the 
first rib, and behind the clavicle, into the 
Cavity of the axilla. There it takes the 
name of axillary, and is covered by the pec- 
toral muscles. Emerging from the armpit, 
its name is again changed for that of bra- 
chial. This part of the trunk runs along 
the inside of the arm, close to the edge of 
the biceps muscle, until it reaches the elbow 
joint, where it divides into the branches 
that belong to the fore-arm. 
Branches of the subclavian artery. 
1. Internal mammary. 
2. Inferior thyroideal. 
a. Thyroid branch. 
b. Ascending thyroid artery. 
c. Transverse artery of the neck. 
d. Transverse artery of the shoulder, 
or supra scapulary. 
3. Vertebral, a large trunk passing 
through perforations in the transverse pro- 
cesses of the cervical vertebrae, and through 
the foramen magnum of the skull to the 
brain, where it unites with its fellow of the 
opposite side, to form the basilar artery. 
a. Inferior artery of the cerebellum. 
b. Arteries to the spinal marrow. 
c. Superior artery of the cerebellum. 
d. Posterior or deep-seated artery 
of the brain. 
N. B. The arterial circle of Willis is a 
large anastomosis ; by which the two caro- 
tids are joined together, and united also to 
the basilar artery. 
4. Superior intercostal. 
5. Deep-seated cervical artery. 
6. Superficial cervical artery. 
Branches of the axillary artery. 
1 . Superior or short thoracic. 
2. Inferior or long thoracic. 
3. Thoracic artery of the shoulder. 
4. Deep thoracic artery. 
5. Infra-scapular 'artery. 
6. Posterior circumflex. 
7. Anterior circumflex. 
Branches of the brachial artery. 
1. Various muscular branches. 
2 . Profunda humeri major, or greater 
deep -seated artery of the arm. 
