ANATOMY. 
animalized fluid, sometimes pass through hind the peritoneum, in that part of the ab- 
three or four sets of glands, before they domen, termed the lumbar region where 
arrive at the thoracic duct ; hence they are they are surrounded by a quantity ’of loose 
called lacteal vessels primi, secundi, tertii, cellular and adipous substance". Their 
or quarti generis. The place where the form resembles pretty exactly that of the 
lacteals conjoin, and meet with the lympha- kidney bean. There' seems to be a small 
tics from the lower parts of the body, to part as it were scooped out, opposite to 
form the thoracic duct, appears in animals the bodies of the vertebra; ; at this which 
like a reservoir, and has been named the re- is called the notch of the kidney, the blood- 
ceptaculum cliyli. The vessel thus formed, vessels enter. 
penetrates the diaphragm, in conjunction 
with the aorta, and is called the thoracic 
duct. In this situation it lies close on the 
back bone, between the vena azygos and 
the aorta. Towards the neck, it leaves the 
bone to reach the left subclavian vein, into 
which its contents are poured; the absor- 
bents of the left arm and side of the head 
having pfe iously joined it. The passage 
of blood from the vein into the duct is 
effectually precluded by means of valves. 
The absorbents of the right arm and side 
of the head form a smaller trunk on the 
right side, which opens into the correspond- 
ing part of the right subclavian vein. 
Thus all the old materials of the body, 
which the absorbents are continually re- 
moving, all the new matter imbibed from 
the surface, all the redundant lymph taken 
up from the interstices of the body, and all 
the chyle occasionally obtained from the 
bowels, are conveyed into the large veins 
near the heart. It is, in short, chiefly by 
this system of vessels, that the blood is aug- 
mented in quantity, or altered in quality; 
they replenish the body with nutriment, and 
occasionally taint it with infection. 
it is sufficient to inform the reader, that 
■these vessels exist in great numbers in all 
parts of the body, without entering into any 
detailed description of their particular dis- 
tribution. We may just observe, that the 
course of these vessels, and their entrance 
into glands, become occasionally demon- 
strated in disease. When irritated by any 
local mischief, they form red streaks, ma- 
nifest on the surface of the body; and the 
irritating or poisonous nature of the mat- 
ters, which they imbibe, causes swelling 
and inflammation of the glands, in which 
this matter is deposited. Thus the glands 
in the groin swell from the absorption of 
venereal matter ; those in the axilla become 
affected in cancer, and in the inoculation 
for the small pox. 
OF THE URINARY ORGANS. 
The urine is secreted in two large glands, 
called the kidnies. These are situated be- 
When we make a cut through the sub- 
stance of this organ, it is found to be made 
up of two substances, differing in appear- 
ance. The exterior is called the cortical 
or arterial part, the interior, which consists 
of several conical portions, is named the 
uriniferous. The latter remains perfectly 
white, if a kidney be injected. Several 
very minute converging tubes are seen 
running through the uriniferous portion, 
and terminating by open mouths on their 
conical points ; these, which can be filled 
with minute injection from the arteries, 
and the open mouths of which can be seen 
with the aid of a small magnifying power, 
are the excretory tubes, or tubuli urinife- 
ri, of the kidney. The uriniferous portion 
of the gland, forms about fifteen conical 
projections, termed papilla' ; on each of" 
which the excretory tubes open in great 
numbers. The papillae project into short 
membranous canals, called infundibula ; 
and these terminate in a common recepta- 
cle, situated at the notch of the kidney, 
and known by the name of the pelvis. 
From this, a canal about equal in size to a 
writing quill, the ureter, conveys the secreted 
fluid into the bladder. 
The bladder is a membranous and muscu- 
lar reservoir, receiving the urine as it i$ 
found in the kidneys, retaining it until it ha* 
accumulated in some quantity, and then ex- 
pelling it through a canal, called the urethra. 
The internal surface of the bladder is 
formed by a smooth membrane, constantly 
covered with a mucous secretion, which 
defends it from the irritating effects of the 
contained fluid. It has a muscular coat, 
sometimes described as a muscle, under 
the name of detrusor urinas ; and that part 
ot the fibres, which is situated round the 
opening of the urethra, is called the sphinc- 
ter vesicae, as it keeps the aperture con- 
stantly closed until we make an effort for 
the expulsion of the contained fluid. The 
ureters open into the lower part of the 
bladder ; and open in such a manner, that, 
although the urine flows readily from them 
into the receptacle, none can return. They 
