ANC 
a message sent him at the same time by the 
senate of Lampsacus, requesting to be in- 
informed in what manner they might honour 
his memory after his decease, he said, “ By 
ordaining the day of my death to be an- 
nually kept as a holiday in all the schools of 
Lampascus.” This request was complied 
■with, and a festival called Anaxagoria was 
instituted on the occasion. 
ANAXIMANDER, in biography, a very 
celebrated. Greek philosopher, was born at 
Miletus in the 42d olympiad ; for, according 
to Apollodorus, he was 64 years of age in 
the second year of the 58th olympiad. He 
was one of the first who publicly taught 
philosophy, and wrote upon philosophical 
subjects. He was the kinsman ? companion, 
and disciple of Thales. He wrote also up- 
on the sphere and geometry, and framed a 
connected series of geometrical truths : he 
also wrote a summary of his doctrine, and 
carried his researches into nature very far, 
for the time in which he lived. It is said 
that he discovered the obliquity of the zo- 
diac ; that he first published a geographical 
table; that he invented the gnomon, and 
set up the first sun-dial in an open place at 
Lacedaemon. He is said to have been the 
first who delineated the surface of the earth, 
and marked the divisions of land and water 
upon an artificial globe. He taught, that an 
infinity of things was the principal and uni- 
versal element ; that this infinite always pre- 
served its unity, but that its parts under- 
went changes; that all things came from 
it; and that all were about to return to it. 
He held that the worlds are infinite ; that 
the stars are composed of air and fire, which 
are carried about in their spheres, and that 
these spheres are gods; that the sun has the 
highest place in the heavens, the moon the 
next, and the planets and fixed stars the 
lowest; that the earth is a globe, placed in 
the middle of the universe, and remains in 
its place, and that the sun is 28 times larger 
than the earth. 
ANCHOR, in maritime affairs, an ex- 
tremely useful instrument, serving to re- 
tain a ship or boat in its place. 
It is a very large and heavy iron instru- 
ment, with a double hook at one end, and 
a ring at the other, by which it is fastened 
to a cable. 
It is cast into the bottom of the sea, or 
rivers, where taking its hold, it keeps ships 
from being drawn away by the wind, tide, 
or currents. 
The parts of an anchor ar e : 1. The ring 
to which the cable is fastened : 2. the beam, 
ANC 
or shank, which is the longest part of the 
anchor: 3. the arm, which is that which 
runs into the ground : 4. the flouke or fluke, 
by some called the palm, the broad and 
peaked part, with its barbs, like the head 
of an arrow, which fastens into the ground : 
5. the stock, a piece of wood fastened to 
the beam near the ring, serving to guide the 
fluke, so that it may fall right, and fix in 
the ground. 
The following are the dimensions of th® 
several parts of an anchor, as given by M. 
Bougier. The two arms generally form 
the arch of a circle, the centre of which is 
Jths of the shank from the vertex, or point 
where it is fixed to the shank ; each arm is 
equal to the same length or radius, so that 
the two arms together make an arch of 120 
degrees : the flukes are half the length of 
the arms, and their breadths two fifths of 
the said length. With respect to the thick- 
ness, the circumference at the throat or 
vertex of the shank is generally made about 
ith part of its length, and the small end 
two thirds of the throat : the small end of 
the arms of the flukes three fourths of the 
circumference of the shank of the throat. 
Cast iron anchors have been proposed, 
and indeed from the improvements in this 
metal, it is probablo they would be cheap 
and serviceable. But when we consider 
the great importance of anchors to the lives 
and property intrusted in shipping, it would 
not be an act of prudence to make an an- 
chor of any material, but the very best. 
It appears reasonable, that a cast iron an- 
chor, made broad in the flukes, and strong 
in the shank, and fortified with a kind of 
edge-bar, knee, or bracket, in each angle, 
between the arm and the shank, might 
prove as trust-worthy as a forged anchor, 
and be more than equal to the strain of any 
cable which is made. 
There are several kinds of anchors: 1. 
the sheet anchor, which is the largest, and 
is never used but in violent storms, to hinder 
the ship from being driven ashore : 2. the 
•two bowers, which arc used for ships to ride 
in a harbour : 4. the stream anchor : 5. the 
grapnel. The iron of which anchors are 
made, ought neither to be too soft nor too 
brittle ; for, if the iron be brittle, the an- 
chor is apt to break, and if it be soft, the 
anchor will bend. In order to give them a 
proper temper, it is the practice to join 
brittle with soft iron, and for this reason, 
the Spanish and Swedish iron ought to be 
preferred. 
The shank of an anchor is to be three 
