ANG 
virtue. These are the only parts of the 
plant which are ordered by the London Col- 
lege, and that only in compound spirit of 
aniseed. The aromatic quality of the root 
is more considerable than that of any other 
part ; but many other simples surpass an- 
gelica in aromatic and carminative powers, 
it is seldom employed in the present prac- 
tice. All the parts of the wild angelica are 
similar in quality to those of the former 
species, but rather weaker, and the former 
may be more easily procured. Cows, 
goats, and swine eat it, but horses re- 
fuse it. 
ANGIOPTERIS, in botany, a genus of 
the Cryptogamia Filices. Essen, char.- fruc- 
tification oval, sessile, in a line near the 
margin of the frond, approximate in a dou- 
ble row, one celled. 
ANGIOSPERMA, in botany, a term 
used by Linnaeus, to express the second 
order of the Didynamiae plants, which have 
seeds not lodged naked within the cup, as 
in Gymnospermia, but inclosed in a cap- 
sule, and adhering to a receptacle in the 
middle of a pericarp. The class of Didy- 
namia contains the labiated and personated 
plants. The Angiospermia are the person- 
ated ; the others the labiated kind. In this 
order many of the corollas are personate, 
or labiate, with lips closed ; some, however, 
have bell-shaped, wheel-shaped, or triangu- 
lar corollas. To have seeds inclosed in a 
pericarp is common to all ; and hence the 
name of the order Angiospermia. Tjhis 
order contains 87 genera. 
ANGLE, in geometry, the inclination 
of two lines meeting one another in a point, 
and called the legs of the angle. See Geo- 
metry. 
ANGLING, may be defined the art of 
catching fish by a rod and line, furnished 
with a hook and bait, or artificial fly. It is 
divided into two species principally, fly 
fishing and bait fishing: the first is per- 
formed by the use of artificial flies, which 
are made to imitate natural flies so exactly, 
that fish take them with equal eagerness. 
The second species of angling is effected by 
the application to the hook of a variety of 
worms, grubs, small fish, parts of fish, and 
a number of other matters, which shall be 
detailed more particularly. 
Fly fishing requires more skill and address 
than bait fishing ; and the formation of the 
ar tificial flies for it is an art in itself of so 
much nicety, that to give any just idea of it, 
we must devote an article to it particularly. 
See Fishing Flies. 
ANG 
To constitute a good angler, a knowledge 
of the natural history of the fish, he desires 
to take, is essentially necessary; without 
this, he cannot perfectly know the bait most 
suitable to them at different seasons, and 
in different situations ; which is so far from 
being obvious, that there are many small 
rivers which are considered as totally ex- 
hausted of their fish, by the generality of 
anglers, where, however, a few of extraor- 
dinary skill will find good sport, and take 
many fish of the best kind. 
The fish which are caught by angling in 
this part of the world, are the salmon, sal- 
mon-fry, salmon-trout, bull-trout, or scurf, 
bulger trout, white trout or whitling, gray- 
ling or shedder, mullet, smelt, barbel, thun- 
der, and eel, all which are fish of passage, 
making regular migrations from the sea up 
the rivers, and back again. So there are 
to be added the following sorts, which do 
not visit the salt water : trout, grayling, 
pike or jack, perch, ruff or pope, gudgeon, 
tench, carp, chub or botling, rudd or fins- 
cale, bream, roach, dace, bleak or bley, 
bulls head or millers thumb, loach, and 
minnow, and stickle back, which last serve 
chiefly for bait, a good account of the na- 
ture of all these fish, and of the rivers and 
lakes, where they are caught in England, 
Ireland, and Scotland, may be found in 
Taylor’s Angling. 
Baits for fish are principally natural ; 
a few artificial ones are used, chiefly in 
fishing for pike and perch, made to imitate 
small fish, frogs, &c. The natural baits are 
whatever is commonly eaten by fish, as 
worms, maggots, grubs, snails, small fish, 
frogs, roe of fish, beetles, butterflies, moths, 
wasps, grasshoppers. Vegetable baits are 
sometimes used, as beans, wheat, barley, 
and peas, which last are best when green, 
and slightly boiled ; paste made of dough, 
bread, or flour, mixed with oil, and a little 
cotton to unite it together, also forms bait. 
If is generally best to colour it red, parti- 
cularly for smelts. , 
Maggots, or gentles, are best procured 
by hanging up a bullock’s liver, scarified 
pretty deeply all over, covered loosely, so 
as to admit flies. In two or three days, 
living gentles will appear on it, when it 
should be taken down, and put into a pan, 
till the gentles attain their full size ; a suffi- 
cient quantity of fine sand and bran is then 
to be put over the liver in the pan ; and the 
gentles will i.i a few days come into it and 
scour themselves, which renders them tough, 
clean and fit to be handled. Those pro- 
