duced in autumn, will continue in that state 
all the winter, if they can get just under 
the surface of the earth. In the spring, as 
the weather becomes warm, they change 
into flies. 
The cadbate is a very excellent bait, 
and is to be found in great plenty, in gra- 
velly and stony rivulets ; and by the side of 
streams in large rivers among stones ; when 
you want them, turn up the stones, and you 
will find the best sticking to them. When 
a sufficient quantity of them are procured, 
hang them up in a linen bag, and dip them 
in the bag, once a day into water, for four 
pr five days. They will then turn yellow, 
and become tough and fit tor use, being 
much better than when they first came out 
of the water. 
The lob or dew worm, is found in gar- 
dens and pastures, late in summer evenings, 
by using a lanthom and candle. They are 
also dug up in fields, and by the Sides of 
drains and ditches. To scour and preserve 
them for use, take some moss, dip it into 
clean water, wring it dry, put half of it 
into an earthen pot, then put in the worms, 
and the rest of the moss at top ; cover it 
close, that they may not get out, and keep 
it in a cool place in summer, and in a war- 
mer in winter ; the moss should he changed 
every fifth or sixth day. In a week the 
worms will be fit for use. These directions 
will also answer for other species of worms. 
Brandlings, red-worms, and gilt-heads, 
are found in the same dunghills together, 
which consist of hogs’ dung, horses’ dung, 
and rotten earth, and also in old thatch. 
But the worms which are found in tanner’s 
bark, after it has been used and become 
quite rotten, are the best of all ; but they 
are generally better for angling without any 
scouring. 
Long white worms, found chiefly in tur- 
nip fields, are good bait, especially in muddy 
water. They are preserved best in some 
of their own earth, kept damp, with some 
moss over it. 
Marsh worms, found in marshy grounds 
and rich banks of rivers. 
The red worms, found in cow dung, and 
dock-worms found about the roots of docks, 
flags, and sedges, are all good bait. As are 
likewise the grubs found in cow dung, called 
cow-dung bobs, which are of a yellowish 
white, with red heads, and the short bobs, 
or grubs, found in mellow sandy land, which 
have pale red heads; yellowish tails, and 
bodies of the colour of the earth,' wherein 
they are found, but which when scouted 
are of a pale white. These last are an ex. 
cellent winter bait ; the best way to render 
them tough, is to put them into boiling milk, 
for about two minutes on the morning which 
they are to be used. 
Palmers and other grubs found by beat- 
ing the branches of oaks, crab-trees, haw- 
thorns, and others, that grow over high- 
ways, paths, and open places, and the cab- 
bage grabs found on, and in the hearts ot 
cabbages, are also excellent bait ; these last 
are to be fed, and preserved with the same 
kind of leaves on which they are found. 
Salmon roe is likewise a good bait ; but the 
numerous pastes and oils, which many have 
prescribed for enticing fish to bite, are, in 
the opinion of the most experienced an- 
glers, only idle chimasras. 
Worms are best put on hooks, by running 
the hooks in at the head of one worm, and 
out about his middle, drawing it up over 
the shank, and putting on a second worm 
beneath the first, in the middle of whose 
body the point of the hook is to be con- 
cealed ; the tails of both wonns hanging 
loose will entice the fish. 
Ground bait is often used with good 
effect, particularly for barbel and for perch. 
It should be a general rule, that the ground 
bait should be always inferior to that which 
is used on the hook; greaves therefore 
should not be used, as is customary with 
some; but for this purpose, malt grains, 
bran, blood, parts of lob worms, and clay, 
all worked up together and made into small 
balls, is the most proper composition ; and 
two or three of these, balls thrown into the 
place, where you desire to fish, is sufficient 
at a time. This may be repeated now and 
then, but much should not be used, for 
if this should be done, the fish will glut 
themselves and become less eager for the 
bait on the hook. 
A good ground bait is made for perch, 
by taking three or four bails of the stiffest 
clay that can be procured, making holes in 
them, putting one end of a lob-worm into 
each hole and closing the clay fast on them. 
These halls should then be thrown into the 
water about a yard from each other, when 
the worms, being alive in the balls, will 
move and twist about, which tempts the 
fish to feed upon them. But by angling 
with worms of a superior kind, the fish will 
on sight of them leave those in the clay, 
and seize the others with the greatest avi- 
dity. 
The tackle necessary for angling, consists 
of fishing rods, lines, links of hair, and 
