ANN 
gled to and fro in an undulatory motion, 
turning themselves round very quick all the 
time they moved forwards. 
ANIME, a resin obtained from the hy- 
menaja courbaril, or locust-tree, which is a 
native of North America. It resembles co- 
pal very much in its appearance, but is rea- 
dily soluble in alcohol, which copal is not. 
It is used as a varnish. Alcohol dissolves it 
completely ; and distilled over, it acquires 
both the smell and taste of anime. 
ANNALS, in matters of literature, a spe- 
cies of history, which relates events in the 
chronological order wherein they happened. 
They differ from perfect history in this, that 
annals are a bare relation of what passes 
every year, as a journal is of what passes 
every day ; whereas history relates not only 
the transactions themselves, but also the 
causes, motives, and springs of actions. An- 
nals require nothing but brevity, history 
demands ornament. Cicero informs us of 
the origin of annals : to preserve the me- 
mory of events, the pontifex maximus, says 
he, wrote what passed each year, and ex- 
posed it on tablets in his own house, where 
every one was at liberty to read : this they 
called annales maximi ; and hence the 
writers who imitated this simple method of 
narrating facts were called annalists. 
ANNATES, among ecclesiastical writers, 
a year’s income of a spiritual living. These 
were, in ancient times, given to the pope 
throughout all Christendom, upon the de- 
cease of any bishop, abbot, or parish-clerk, 
and Were paid by his successor. In Eng- 
land, the pope claimed them first of such 
foreigners as he conferred benefices upon, 
by way of provision ; but afterwards they 
were demanded of all other clerks on their 
admission to benefices. At the reformation 
they were taken from the pope, and vested 
in the king ; and finally, queen Anne re- 
stored them to the church, by appropriating 
them to the augmention of poor livings. 
ANNEALING, or Neaiing, the burn- 
ing or baking glass, earthen-ware, &c. in an 
oven or furnace. See Glass. 
ANNOTATION, in matters of litera- 
ture, a brief commentary, or remark upon 
a book or writing, in order to clear up some 
passage, or draw some conclusion from it : 
thus the critics of the last age have made 
learned annotations upon all the classics. 
ANNOTTO, in commerce, a kind of red 
dye, brought from the West Indies. This 
is otherwise denominated arnatto. It is pro- 
cured from the pulp of the seed-capsules of 
a shrub called achiotte and urueu ; the 
ANN 
bixa orellana of Linnreus, which grows se- 
ven 01 eight feet high, and produces oblong 
hairy pods, somewhat resembling those of a 
chesnnt. Within each of these are thirty or 
forty irregularly figured seeds, which are 
enveloped in a pulp of a bright red colour, 
and unpleasant smell, somewhat resembling 
the paint called red lead when mixed up 
with oil ; and it was used as paint by some 
of the Indians, in the same manner as woad 
was used by the ancient Britons. The 
seeds, together with the red tough matter 
that surrounds them, are softened in a 
wooden trough with water, until, by a kind 
of fermentation, which spreads a very nau- 
seous smell, and by diligent stirring and 
pounding, the kernels are separated from 
the pulp. This mass is then strained through 
a seive, and boiled ; and upon which a thick 
reddish scum, which is the pigment, sepa- 
rates. When skimmed off, it is carefully 
inspissated in another kettle ; and after be- 
mg repeatedly cool, is moulded in roundish 
lumps,' wrapt round with leaves of trees, 
and packed for sale. It seems to partake 
of the nature of vegetable albuminous mat- 
ter. The method of extracting the pulp, 
and preparing it for market, is simply by 
boiling the seeds in Clearwater, till they 
are perfectly extricated ; after which the 
seeds are taken out, and the water left un- 
disturbed for the pulp to subside. It is then . 
drained off, and the sediment distributed 
into shallow vessels, and dried generally in 
the shade. The annotto is now only pre- 
pared by the Spaniards. The English had 
formerly a manufacture at St. Angelo, now 
ruined. This drug is preferred by the dyers 
to indigo, and sold one-fourth dearer. The 
double Gloucester cheese is coloured with 
this dye, not with marygolds. Some of the 
Dutch farmers use it to give a rich colour 
to their butter, and great quantities are said 
to be applied to the same purpose in the 
English dairies. The poor people use it in- 
stead of saffron ; and it is sometimes mixed 
as an ingredient in chocolate, during the 
grinding of the cocoa, in the quantity of 
about two drams to the pound, in order to 
give it a reddish colour ; but the opinion of 
its being an earth has brought it into disre- 
pute, and this use of it has been disconti- 
nued. To water it gives only a pale brown- 
ish yellow colour, and is not soluble in that 
liquid, nor in spirit of wine ; but, in order 
to be fit for dyeing, it requires an alkaline 
menstruum, to which it gives a bright 
orange colour; and hence it is useful as an 
ingredient in varnishes and lacquers, and in 
