ANT 
its specific gravity, will be found at the 
bottom adhering to the scoriae, from which 
it may be separated by the hammer. Or 
three parts of the sulphuret may be fused 
in a covered crucible, with one of iron fil- 
ings. The sulphur quits the antimony, and 
combines with the iron. Antimony in its 
metallic state (sometimes called regulus of 
antimony) is of a silvery white colour, very 
brittle, and of a plated or scaley texture. 
It is fused by a moderate heat ; and crystal- 
lizes, on cooling, in the form of pyramids. 
In close vessels it may be volatilized, and 
collected unchanged. It undergoes little 
change when exposed to the atmosphere at 
its ordinary temperature ; but when fused, 
with the access of air, it emits white fumes, 
consisting of an oxide of the metal. This 
oxide had formerly the name of flowers of 
antimony. Antimony combines with phos- 
phorus and sulphur. With the latter, an 
artificial sulphuret is formed, exactly re- 
sembling the native compound, which last 
may be employed, on account of its cheap- 
ness, for exhibiting the properties of this 
combination of antimony. Antimony is 
dissolved by most of the acids. Sulphuric 
acid is decomposed ; sulphurous acid being 
disengaged, and an oxide formed, of whicli 
a small proportion only is dissolved by the 
remaining acid. Nitric acid dissolves this 
metal with great vehemence ; muriatic acid 
acts on it by long digestion ; but the most 
convenient solvent is the nitro-muriatic 
acid, which, with tire aid of heat, dissolves 
it from the niitive sulphuret. With oxyge- 
nized muriatic acid, it forms a compound of 
a thick consistence, formerly called butter 
of antimony. This may be formed, by 
exposing black sulphuret of antimony to 
the fumes of oxygenized muriatic acid, and 
subsequent distillation ; or by distilling the 
powdered regulus with twice its weight of 
corrosive muriate of mercury. The metal 
becomes highly oxydized, and unites with 
muriatic acid in its simple state. On pour- 
ing this compound into water, awhile oxide 
falls down, called powder of algaroth. An- 
timony is susceptible of various states of 
oxydizement. The first oxide may be ob- 
tained by washing algarotii powder with a 
little caustic potash. It is composed of 
18) oxygen, and 81) metal. That formed 
by the action of nitric acid on antimony, 
contains 77 metal, and 23 oxygen. See 
Ores, analysis of. 
ANTINOMIANS, in church history, a 
sect of Christians, who reject the moral law 
as a rule of conduct to believers, disown 
ANT 
personal and progressive sanctification, add 
hold it to be inconsistent for a believer to 
pray for the forgiveness of sins. Although 
these principles will, by some, be thought 
to lead to mischievous consequences and 
practice, yet there are, unquestionably, 
worthy men and virtuous Christians, who 
avow Antinomian tenets. To the young, 
the giddy, and the thoughtless, such senti- 
ments might, if actqd upon, be the source of 
much evil ; but these like the doctrine of 
necessity, are rarely believed but by per- 
sons who have already attained to virtuous 
habits. 
ANTIPATHES, in natural history, a 
genus of worms of the order Zoophyta. Ani- 
mal growing in the form of a plant : stem 
expandedat the base, internally horny, beset 
with small spines, externally covered with 
a gelatinous flesh, beset with numerous 
polype-bearing tubercles. There are 13 
species. A. spiralis, inhabits the Indian, 
Mediterranean, and North seas ; of a hard, 
horny, black, substance, exceedingly brit- 
tle, very long, and variously twisted, about 
the size of a writing pen. A. alopecuroides, 
with spinous setaceous closely panicled 
branches ; inhabits South Carolina ; about 
two feet high, and rises from a broad spread 
base, dividing into several large branches, 
flat on one side, with a groove along the 
middle ; it then subdivides into smaller 
branches, forming close panicles, not unlike 
the fox tail grass : the outside greyish, the 
inside black and very brittle. 
ANTIPODES, in geography, a name 
given to those inhabitants of the globe that 
live diametrically opposite to one another. 
They lie under opposite parallels, and op- 
posite meridians. They have the same ele- 
vation of their different poles. It is mid- 
night with the one, when it is noon day 
with the other ; the longest day with one is 
the shortest with the other ; and the length 
of the day with the one is equal to the night 
of the other. See Globes, use of. 
ANTIQUARY, a person who studies and 
searches after monuments and remains of 
antiquity. 
There were formerly, in the chief cities of 
Greece and Italy, persons of distinction 
called antiquaries, who made it their busi- 
ness to explain the ancient inscriptions, and 
give every other assistance in their power 
to strangers who were lovers of that kind of 
learning. Foundations of this kind have 
existed in England. Sir H. Spelman speaks 
of a society of antiquaries in his time, which 
had been instituted in 1572, by Archbishop 
