APO 
APOTHECARY, one who practises the 
art of pharmacy, or that part of physic 
which consists in the preparation and com- 
position of medicines. 
4 youth intended for this profession, 
should be a pretty good scholar, and have 
such a knowledge in the Latin tongue, as 
to be able to read the best writers upon the 
subject of botany, pharmacy, anatomy, and 
" medicine. In London, the apothecaries 
are one of the city companies, and by an 
act which was made perpetual in the ninth 
year of George I. are exempted from serv- 
ing upon juries, or in ward and parish offi- 
ces. They are obliged to make up their 
medicines according to the formulas pre- 
scribed in the College Dispensatory, and are 
liable to have their shops visited by the 
censors of the college, who are impowered 
to destroy such medicines as they think not 
good. 
The apothecaries have a hall in Black- 
friars, where there are two fine laborato- 
ries, from which all the surgeons’ chests are 
supplied with medicines for the royal navy. 
In China, they have a singular mode of dis- 
pensing their medicines. In the public 
squares of their cities there is a very high 
stone pillar, on which are engraven the 
names of all sorts of medicines, with the 
price of each ; and when the poor stand in 
need of any relief from physic, they go to 
the treasui'y, where they receive the price 
each medicine is rated at. 
APOTHEOSIS, in antiquity, a ceremony 
by which the ancient Romans complimented 
their emperors and great men, after their 
death, with a place among the gods. It is 
described as follows : after the body of the 
deceased had been burnt with the usual 
solemnities, an image of wax, exactly re- 
sembling him, was placed on an ivory couch, 
where it lay for seven days, attended by 
the senate and ladies of the highest quality 
in mourning ; and th&n the young senators 
and knights bore the bed of state through 
the Via sacra to the old Forum, and from 
thence to the Campus Martius, where it was 
deposited upon an edifice built in form of a 
pyramid. The bed being thus placed, 
amidst a quantity of spices and other com- 
bustibles, and the knights having made a 
procession in solemn measure round the 
pile, the new emperor, with a torch in his 
hand, set fire to it, while an eagle, let By 
from the top of the building, and mounting 
in the air with a firebrand, was supposed to 
convey the soul of the deceased to heaven, 
and thenceforward he was ranked among 
the gods. 
APP 
APOTOME, in geometry, the difference 
between two incommensurable lines : thus, 
E C, (Plate Miscel. fig. 6.) is the apotome 
of A C and A B. 
If we suppose AC — a, and A B — : b, then 
will their apotome be a — 6 ; or, in num- 
bers, 2 — \/ 3. Hence also the difference 
between the side A C = 2 (fig. 7.) of an 
equilateral triangle ABC, and the perpen- 
dicular BD= is an apotome, viz. 
= 2 — And, universally, if A C (fig, 
8.) be a semi-parabola, whose axis is A 
B, and its latus rectum = 1, and if A D be 
a tangent to the vertex at A, and this be 
divided into the parts A a — 2, A 6 = 3, 
A c — 5, A d = 6, &c. and perpendiculars a 
1, 6 2, c 3, <14, &e. be. drawn, these will 
be, from the nature of the curve, 2, 
s f 3, *//>, 6, &c. respectively; and so 
i A a(= 1)— a 1, will be 1 — 2; Aa — 
b 2 will be 2 — s / 3, &c. by which means 
you will have an infinite series of different 
apo tomes. 
Apotome, in music, the difference be- 
tween a greater and lesser semi-tome, ex- 
pressed by the ratio 128 : 125. 
APPARATUS, a term used to denote a 
complete set of instruments, or other uten- 
sils, belonging to any artist or machine : 
thus we say a surgeon’s apparatus, a che- 
mist’s apparatus, the apparatus of the air- 
pump, microscope, &c. 
APPARENT, among mathematicians and 
astronomers, denotes things as they appear 
to us, in contradistinction from real or true : 
thus we say, the apparent diameter, dis- 
tance, magnitude, place, figure, &c. of 
bodies. 
APPARITOR, among the Romans, a 
general term to comprehend all attendants 
of judges and magistrates appointed to re- 
ceive and execute their orders. Apparitor, 
with us, is a messenger, that serves the pro- 
cess of a spiritual court, or a beadle in an 
university, who carries the mace. 
APPAU1YIEE, in heraldry, denotes one 
hand extended with the full palm ap- 
pearing, and the thumb and fingers at full 
length. 
APPEAL, inlaw, the removal of a cause 
from an inferior to a superior court orjudge, 
when a person thinks himself aggrieved by 
the sentence of the inferior judge. Appeals 
lie from all the ordinary courts of justice to 
the House of Lords. In ecclesiastical causes, 
if an appeal is brought before a bishop, it 
may be removed to the archbishop ; if be- 
fore an archdeacon, to the Court of Arches, 
