APP 
and thence to the archbishop ; and from the 
archbishop’s court to the king in chan- 
cery. 
Appeal, in common law, is taken for the 
accusation of a murderer by a person who 
had interest in the party killed ; or of a 
felon by an accomplice. It is prosecuted 
either by writ or by bill : by writ, when a 
writ is purchased out of the Chancery by 
one person against another, commanding 
him to appeal some third person of felony, 
and to find pledges for doing it effectually ; 
by bill, when the person himself gives in 
his accusation in writing, offering to un- 
dergo the burden of appealing the person 
ti serein named. 
In military affairs, an appeal might for- 
merly be made by the prosecutor, or pri- 
soner, from the sentence or jurisdiction of a 
regimental to a general court-martial. At 
present no soldier has a right to appeal, ex- 
cept in cases where his immediate snbsist- 
ance is concerned, 
APPEARANCE, in law, signifies a de- 
fendant’s filing a common or special bail 
on any process issued out of a court of judi- 
cature. In actions by original, appear- 
ances are entered with the philazer of the 
county ; and by bill, with the prothonotary. 
Defendants may appear in person, where 
the party stands in contempt, for the court 
will not permit him to appear by attorney : 
also in capita!, and criminal cases ; where 
an act of parliament requires that the party 
should appear in person, and likewise in 
appeal, or on attachment : by attorney, in 
all actions, real, personal, and mixed, and 
for any crime whatever under tile degree of 
capital, by favour of the court : by guar- 
dian and next friend, when under age. 
APPELLATIVE, in grammar, a noun, 
or name, which is applicable to a whole spe- 
cies or kind, as man, horse ; in contradis- 
tinction to a proper name. 
APPELLOR, or Appellant, in law, 
lie who has committed some felony, or other 
crime, which he confesses and appeals, that 
is, accuses lus accomplices. 
APPENDANT, in law, any thing that 
is inheritable, belonging to some more wor- 
thy inheritance ; as an advowson, common, 
or court, may be appeudant to a manor, 
land to an office, &c. but land cannot be 
appendant to laud, for both are corporeal 
inheritances, and one thing corporeal can- 
not be appendant to another. 
APPLE, a well-known fruit, consisting 
of a rind, pill, or skin ; the pulp, or paren- 
APP 
chyma; the branchery, or seed-vessels; and 
the core. See Pyrcs. 
APPLICA1ION, the act of applying; 
one thing to another, by causing them, to 
approach, or bringing them nearer together. 
Thus a longer line or space is measured by 
the application of a less, as a foot or yard 
by an inch, &c. : and motion is determined 
by successive application of any thing to 
different parts of space. Application is 
sometimes also used, both in arithmetic and 
geometry, for the operation of division, or 
for that which corresponds to it in geometry. 
Thus 20 applied to, or divided by 4, i. e. 
20 
— , gives 5. And a rectangle a b applied to 
a line, c, gives the fourth proportional — , 
or another line, as d, which, with the given 
line c, will contain a rectangle cd = ab. 
Application, in geometry, denotes the 
act of placing one figure upon another, in 
order to determine their equality or inequa- 
lity. In this way Euclid, and other geome- 
tricians, have demonstrated some of the 
primary and fundamental propositions in 
elementary geometry. Thus it is proved, 
that two triangles, having two sides of the 
one equal respectively to two sides of the 
other, and the two included angles equal, 
are equal in all respects ; and two triangles, 
having one side and the adjacent angles of 
the one respectively equal to one side, and 
the adjacent angles of the other, are also in 
the same mode of application shewn to be 
equal. Thus also it is demonstrated that a 
diameter divides the circle into two equal 
parts ; and that the diagonal divides a square 
or parallelogram into two equal parts. The 
term is also used to signify the adaptation of 
one quantity to another, in order to their 
being compared ; the areas of which are 
the same, but their figures different. Thus 
Euclid shews how, on a right line given, to 
apply a parallelogram that shall be equal to 
a right lined figure given. 
Application of one science to another, 
signifies the use that is made of the princi- 
ples of the one for augmenting and perfect- 
ing the other. As there is a connection 
between all the arts and' sciences, one of 
them may be made subservient to the illus- 
tration and improvement of the other : and 
to this purpose algebra has been applied to 
geometry, and geometry to algebra, and 
both to mechanics, astronomy, geography, 
navigation, &c. See Algebra, applica- 
tion of. 
Application of algebra and geometry to 
