ARCHITECTURE. 
Columns were laid aside, and pillars nearly 
Of the same proportion as formerly, with 
vertical or columnar mouldings wrought out 
of the solid) were adopted. The east and 
west window's were so enlarged as to take 
up nearly the whole breadth of the nave, 
and carried up almost as high as the vault- 
ing, and were beautifully ornamented with 
lively colours on stained glass. 
In the early part of the reign of Edward 
III. arcades with low arches and sharp 
points prevailed ; over the arcades was gene- 
rally placed a row of open galleries, origi- 
nally introduced in Saxon churches. 
About the end of the reign of Richard II. 
A. D. 1399, the pillars became more tall 
and slender, foaming still more lofty and 
open arcades, the columns which formed 
the cluster were of different diameteVs, the 
capitals more complicated, the vaults at 
the intersection of the ribs were studded 
with knots of foliage, the canopies of the 
arches were universally periled, and termi- 
nated w ith a rich knot of flowers : the pil- 
lastered buttresses flanking the sides were 
Crowned with elaborate finials, the flying 
buttresses were formed on -segments of cir- 
cles in order to give them lightness, and 
strength at the same time. 
From the close of the 14th century no 
remarkable change appears to have taken 
place; the grander members continued 
their original dimensions and form, and the 
ornamental parts became distinguished by 
greater richness and exuberance. 
Another change took place in the reign 
of Edward IV. its leading features are 
principally to be seen in the vaultings, the 
horizontal sections of which had been gene- 
rally projecting right angles, but were now 
arches of circles ; the surface of the vaults 
being such as might be generated by a 
concave curve revolving round a vertical 
line, as an axis winch was immediately over 
the pillars. This species of groining un- 
known in preceding ages, was favourable 
for a beautiful display of tracery. Equi- 
distant concave ribs in vertical planes 
were intersected by horizontal convex cir- 
cular ribs, aud the included pannels were 
beautifully ornamented with cusps, form- 
ing an infinite variety of the most elegant 
tracery, which from its appearance has 
been denominated fan work. 
From the commencement of the reign 
of King Henry VIII. a mixed or debased 
style began to take place, from our inter- 
course with the Italians. Tl;e ingenious 
Mr. Britton, in his valuable architectural 
antiquities of Great Britain, has classed 
the various styles in the following order, 
which we shall adopt, and shall be happy to 
find the same appropriate terms adopted 
also in future publications, wherever ideas 
of the objects represented by them are the 
subjects of inquiry. We are sensible this 
is the only means of facilitating a know- 
ledge of this study, by removing equivocal 
-Words, and thereby making architectural 
language intelligible. 
First Style. Anglo-Saxon; this will em- 
brace all buildings that were erected be- 
tween the times of the conversion of the 
Saxons, and the Norman conquest, from 
A. D. 599 to A. D. 1066. 
Second Style. Anglo Norman, by which 
will be meant, that style which prevailed 
from 1066 to 1189; including the reigns of 
Williams I. and II., Henry I., Stephen and 
Henry II. 
Third Style. English, from 1189 to 1272, 
embracing the reigns of Richard I., John, 
and Henry III. 
Fourth Style. Decorated English, from 
1272 to 1461, including the reigns of Ed- 
wards I., II., III., Richard II., Henrys IV., 
V., and VI. 
Fifth Style. Highly decorated florid 
English, from 1461 to 1509, including the 
reigns of Edwards IV. and V., Richard III., 
and Henry VII. 
From this sera we loose all sight of con- 
gruity; and the public buildings erected 
during the reigns of Henry VIII., Eliza- 
beth, and James I. may be characterised by 
the terms of debased English, or Anglo- 
Italian. Mr. Britton observes, “ that dur- 
ing the intermediate time when one style 
was growing into repute and the other 
sinking in favour, there will be found a 
mixture of both in one building, which is 
not referable to either, and which has con- 
stituted the greatest problem in antiquarian 
science.” 
Before we leave this subject, it will be 
necessary to give some account ot the ma- 
terials employed in the fabrication, and of 
the principles in the construction of those 
immense piles, which at once united gran- 
deur, magnificence, and awful sublimity in 
their structure. In the erection of these 
edifices, heavy cornices, entablatures, and 
lintels were omitted, and there was seldom 
occasion to use any stones larger than a 
man might carry on his back up a ladder 
from one scaffold to another, though spoky 
wheels and pullies were occasionally used. 
From the adoption of such light materials, 
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