ARCHITECTURE. 
der side of the guttas ; divide the remaining 
three into two equal parts, giving one to the 
height of the frize, as seen in front, and one 
to the architrave. 
The Doric order was the only order 
known in Greece, or its colonies, anterior 
to the Macedonian conquest. The Ionic 
succeeded, and appears to have been the 
favourite order, not only in Ionia, but all 
over Asia Minor. The Corinthian (says 
Mr. Wood) came next in vogue, and most 
of the buildings of this order seem poste- 
rior to the time of the conquest of (hose 
countries by the Romans. The first Doric 
building was the temple of Juno, erected 
by Dorus, king of Achaia, and Peloponne- 
sus in the ancient city of Argos, from whom 
this order derives its name. It was also 
used in other cities of this Prince’s domi- 
nions, but its proportions were not esta- 
blished, till an Athenian colony erected a 
temple to Apollo Panionos, in Ionia, so 
called from Ion, their leader, after the form 
of the temples they had seen in Achaia. In 
this building the relative dimensions «f the 
columns were adjusted, from the ratio which 
the foot of a man bears to his height, mak- 
ing their diameter one sixth part of their 
altitude. 
Ionic Order. The ambitious desire of 
novelty soon led the way to the invention 
of another species; and, in erecting the 
temple of Diana, they sought a new order 
from similar traces, imitating the proportion 
and dress of women. The diameter of the 
columns was made an eighth part of their 
height ; the base was made with folds repre- 
senting the. shoe ; the capitals with volutes, 
in form of the curled hair worn upon the 
right and left; and the cymatium, for the 
locks pending on the forehead from the 
crown. This new order they called Ionic, 
after the name of the coiiiitty in which it 
was invented : so far we are informed by 
Vitruvius. It is probable, that in erecting 
this temple the triglyphs and mutules, the 
bold characteristic marks of the original 
hut, would be omitted, and the more deli- 
cate dentils, representing the ends of the 
lath to which the tyles were fixed, employ- 
ed, representing a beautiful row of teeth • 
far in all the ancient Ionian fragments of 
this order we find the cornices constantly 
denticulated, and therefore the dentils are 
no less characteristic marks than the capi- 
tals : they are generally omitted, however, 
in the remains of those to be found at 
Athens. The other parts and proportions 
of the Ionian order are more arbitrr than 
m the Dorian. Tiie parts of the Ionic order 
on the temple by the Ilyssusare few, and 
of a bold character; the height of the vo- 
lutas is three- fifths, and the whole height of 
the capital two-thirds, of the diameter of 
the column. 
The architrave consists of one broad facia, 
and its crowning cymatium: the parts of 
the cornice as seen in front are the corona, 
including its cymatium, and sima. The ca- 
pital, or cymatium of the frize, is wrought 
under the cornice, and consists of a sima 
reversa, and bead below it. The height of 
the architrave is about two-fifths of the en- 
tablature ; and by dividing the upper three- 
fifths again into five parts, the plain part of 
the frize will occupy three parts, and the 
cornice two parts. 
In the Ionic order of the temple of Erech- 
tiieus, and of the temple of Minerva Polias, 
the architrave consists of three facia;, and 
cymatium; the cymatium of the frize is 
mostly wrought under the corona. If the 
height of the entablature from the bottom 
of the lower facia to the top of the cyma- 
tium of the corona be divided into nineteen 
parts, the architrave and the part of the 
frize that is seen will each be eight parts, 
and the corona, including the larimer and 
cymatium, the other three parts. The vo- 
lutes of the capitals of these orders, both 
for singularity and beauty, exceed every 
other remain of antiquity. 
the Asiatic Ionian order differs greatly 
from the Attic one. In most of the remains 
o thls . 0,<Ier > as represented in the Ionian 
antiquities, the frizes are all wanting, except 
in one example, and consequently the whole' 
height of the entablatures of those without 
the frizes cannot be ascertained, though the 
architraves and cornices belonging to each 
other have been accurately measured. The 
one which has the entire entablature belongs 
to tiie great theatre at Laodicea : the frize 
is pulvicated, and is something less in height 
than one-fifth of that of the entablature 
The architraves of the temple of Bacchus at 
Teos, and the temple of Minerva Polias at 
Priene, are each divided into three facte 
below the cymatium. In all the Asiatic 
Ionics the crowning moulding is constantly 
a sima recta, of a less projection than it lias 
height : the dentils are never omitted, and 
their height is nearly a mean proportion be- 
tween the height of the sima recta and that 
of the larimer, corona, or drip, being always 
greatei than the height of the corona, and 
less than that of the sima recta. Tiie cy- 
matiiun of the denticulated band is wrought 
