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glyph is therefore move generally adopted. 
The arasostyle is only applied--to rustic 
structures of Tuscan intercolumniations, 
where the columns are lintelled with wooden 
architraves. 
When the solid part of the masonry of a 
range of arcades are decorated with the or- 
ders, the intercolunuis become necessarily 
wide; and the intercolumniation is regu- 
lated by the breadth of the arcades, and 
that of the piers. 
It does not appear that coupled, grouped, 
or clustered columns, ever obtained in the 
works of the ancients ; though, on many oc- 
casions they would have been much more 
useful: we indeed find, in the temple of 
Bacchus at Rome, columns standing as it 
were in pairs ; but as each pair is only 
placed in the thickness of the wall, and not 
in the front, they may rather be said to be 
two rows of columns, one almost imme- 
diately behind the other. In the baths of 
Dioclesian, and in the temple of Peace at 
Rome, we find groined ceilings, sustained 
by single Corinthian columns ; a support 
both meagre and inadequate. Vignola uses 
the same intercolumniation in all his orders : 
this practice, though condemned by some, 
is founded upon a good principle • it pre- 
serves a constant ratio between the columns 
and the intervals. 
Of all the kinds of intercolumniation, the 
custyle was in the most general request 
among the ancients; and though in modern 
architecture both the custyle and dia- 
style aie employed, yet the former of these 
is still preferred in most cases : as to the 
pycnostyle interval, it is frequently rejected 
for want of room, and the areeostyle, for- 
ward of giving sufficient support to the en- 
tablature. 
The modems seldom employ more than 
one row of columns, either in external or 
internal colonades ; for the back range de- 
stroys the perspective regularity of the front 
range : the visual rays, coming from both 
ranges, produce nothing but confusion in 
the eye of the spectator. This confusion, 
in a certain degree, also attends pilasters 
placed behind a row of insulated columns : 
but in this the relief is stronger, owing to 
the rotundity of the column, and the flat 
surfaces of the pilasters. When buildings 
are executed on a small scale, as is fre- 
quently the case of temples, and of other 
inventions used for the ornaments of gar- 
dens, it will be found necessary to make 
the intercolumniations, or at least the cen- 
tral one, broader than usual, in proportion 
ECTliRE. 
to the diameter of the columns ; for, when 
the columns are placed nearer each other 
than three feet, the space becomes too nar- 
row to admit persons of a corpulent habit. 
Pilasters and Antes. Pilasters are rec- 
tangular prismatic projections, advancing 
from the naked part of a wall, with bases 
and capitals like columns, and with an en 
tablature supported by the columns ; hence 
they differ from columns, in their horizon- 
tal sections being rectangles, whereas those 
of columns are circles, or the segments of 
circles, equal to or greater than semicir- 
cles. 
It is probable that pilasters are of a Ro- 
man invention, since there are but few in- 
stances in Grecian buildings where they are 
repeated at equal or regular intervals, and 
these only in the latter ages of Greece, as 
in the monument of Philopapns ; (unless in 
that of Thrasyllus) but of their application 
in Roman works there are numberless in- 
stances: Vitruvius calls them parastatre. 
The Greeks used a kind of square pillars 
only upon the ends of their walls, which 
they called ante, which ante projected 
sometimes to a considerable distance from 
the wall of the principal front, and formed 
the pronaos or vestibulum. The breadth 
of the ante on the flanks of the temples 
was always considerably less than on the 
tront : these ante had sometimes columns 
between them, and when this was the case, 
the return within the pronaos was of equal 
breadth to the front. The capitals of the. 
ante never correspond with those of co- 
lumns, though there are always some cha- 
racteristic marks, by which the order may- 
be distinguished. 
Pilasters, orparastatae, when ranged with 
columns under the same entablature, or 
placed behind a row of columns, have their 
bases and capitals like those of the columns, 
with the corresponding parts at the same 
heights, and when placed upon ' the angles 
of buildings, the breadth of the returns is 
the same as that of the front. The trunks 
of pilasters have frequently the same dimi- 
nution as the shafts of the columns, such as 
iu the arches of Septimius Severns, and 
Constantine, and in the frontispiece of Ne- 
ro, and the temple of Mars the Avenger, 
at Rome ; in this case, the top of the trunks 
of the pilasters is equal to the breadth of 
the soffit of the architrave, and the upright 
face of the architrave resting on the capital, 
m the same perpendicular as the top of the 
pilaster. When the pilasters are uudimi- 
nisbed, and of the same breadth as the co- 
