_____ 
ARS 
a mixture of diluted sulphuric acid and zinc 
filings. 
Arsenic acid. ? g ee Arsenic. 
Arsenious acid. $ 
ARSENITES, a name given by Four- 
croy to the combinations formed between 
white oxide of arsenic, or arsenious acid, as 
he calls it, and the alkalies and earths. They 
were formerly termed livers of arsenic, fi om 
some fancied resemblance which was traced 
between arsenic and sulphur. The alkaline 
arsenites may be prepared by dissolving the 
white oxide in alkaline solutions. They do 
not crystallize : heat decomposes them by 
subliming the oxide, and almost all the acids 
precipitate the arsenic in the form of a white 
powder. The earthy arsenites, as far as 
they have been examined, are insoluble pow- 
ders, which is the reason why white oxide 
of arsenic occasions a precipitate when drop- 
ped into lime, barytes, or strontian water. 
ARSON, is house burning, and burning 
the house of another is felony. Cr. Law, 
Case 143. It must be maliciously and vo- 
luntarily, and an actual burning ; not putting 
fire only into a house, or any part of it, 
without burning ; but if part of the house 
be burnt, or if the fire do burn, and then go 
out of itself, it is felony. 2 Inst. 188. But 
it is not felony to burn a house (unless done 
with a fraudulent intent) of which the of- 
fender is in possession by virtue of a written 
agreement, for a lease for three years. Cr. 
Law 143. If any servant through careless- 
ness shall fire any house or outhouse, and be 
thereof convicted on the oath of one witness, 
before two justices, he shall forfeit one 
hundred pounds to the churchwardens of 
the parish where the fire shall happen, to be 
by them distributed to the sufferers ; and, 
on non-payment thereof, immediately on 
demand, the said justice shall commit him 
to some house of correction for 18 months, 
to be there kept to hard labour. 
The punishment of arson was death by 
our ancient Saxon laws. And in the reign 
of Edward I. this sentence was executed 
by a kind of “ lex talionis,” for the incen- 
diaries were burnt to death, as they were 
also by the Gothic constitutions. The sta- 
tute 8 Hen. VI. c. 6, made the wilful burn- 
ing of houses, under some special circum- 
stances therein mentioned, amount to the 
crime of high treason. But it was again re- 
duced to felony, by the general acts of 
Edw. VI. and Queen Mary ; and now the 
punishment of all capital felonies is uniform, 
namely, by hanging. The offence of arson 
was denied the benefit of clergy by 1 
■n 
ART 
Hen. VIII. o. 1 ; but that statute was re- 
pealed byl Edw. VI. c. 12.; and arson was 
afterwards held to be ousted of clergy, with 
respect to the principal offender, only by 
inference and deduction from the statute 
4 and 5 P. and M. c. 4., which expressly de- 
nied it to the accessary before the fact : 
though even it is expressly denied to the 
principal in all cases within the statute 
9 Geo. I. c. 22. 
ART and Part, in the law of Scotland, 
is applied to an accomplice. 
The facts inferring art and part need not 
be particularly laid in the libel or indict- 
ment, for these general words, as terms of 
stated signification, are sufficient. Yet these 
facts may be set forth, and it is proper so to 
do, if the prosecutor chuses to confide in the 
court rather than in the jury. 
Also in the criminal letters, the persons 
of the accomplices must be described by 
proper names and designations. 
One may be art and part. 1. By 
giving counsel to perpetrate, without dis- 
tinction, whether the crime would have 
been committed without such counsel or 
not ; this being what can never be per- 
fectly known. But it is to be observed, 
that in the more atrocious crimes, he that 
gives counsel is equally punished as he that 
commits them; but in the less atrocious, less 
severely. And sometimes reasons of miti- 
gation are taken from the age, the manner 
of advising, &c. 2. By aid and assistance, 
and that either previous, or concomitant, or 
subsequent, to the commission of the crime. 
The first rarely comes up to art and part, 
unless very particularly qualified ; the se- 
cond commonly does, and it is easily known, 
if it does not ; the third never, and hardly 
deserves the name, unless it be in providing 
for the criminal’s escape. But any of the 
three make art and part, if the perpetration 
was premeditated, 3. By a clear and expli- 
cit mandate to commit the crime, or to do 
somewhat unlawful in itself, which with 
great probability might produce it, if exe- 
cuted by the hand of the mandatory, and 
not that of another. 
ARTEDIA, a genus of the Pentandria 
Diaynia class of plants, the general umbel of 
which is multiple, plane, and patent ■ the 
partial umbel is small, but similar ; the ge- 
neral involucrum is composed of about ten 
leaves ; they are of an oblong oval figure, 
nearly of the length of the umbel, and have 
three spines or sets: at their extremities : 
the partial involucrum is composed ot two 
or three leaves, and turns outward : the ge- 
