ARTS. 
the botanic garden at Kew, by captain 
Bligh, in 1793. The bread-fruit,, when per- 
fectly ripe, is pulpy, sweetish, putrescent, 
and in this state is thought to be too lax- 
ative ; but when green it is farinaceous, and 
esteemed a very wholesome food, either 
baked under the coals, or roasted over 
them. The taste is not unlike that of 
wheaten bread, but with some resemblance 
to that of Jerusalem artichokes, or potatoes. 
It was mentioned before, that a sort of 
cloth was made of the inner bark : to this 
we may add, that the wood is used in build- 
ing boats and houses ; the male catkins 
serve for tinder: the leaves for wrapping 
their food in, and for wiping their hands in- 
stead of towels ; and the juice for making 
bird-lime, and as a cement for filling up the 
cracks of their vessels for holding water. 
Three trees are supposed to yield sufficient 
nourishment for one person. 2. A. integri- 
folia, Indian jacca tree. The East Inoian 
jacca, or jack tree, is about the same size 
as the foregoing, or perhaps larger. The 
foot-stalk is somewhat triangular, smooth, 
and an inch in length. The fruit weighs 30 
pounds and upwards ; it has within it fre- 
quently from two to three hundred seeds, 
three or four times as big as almonds ; they 
are ovate-oblong, blunt at one end, sharp at 
the other, and a little flatted on the sides. 
These two species of Artocarpus cannot 
be distinguished with certainty either by 
the form of the leaves, or the situation of 
the fruit ; for the leaves in this are some- 
times lobed as on that ; and the situation of 
the fruit varies with the age of this tree, be- 
ing first borne on the branches, and then on 
the trunk, and finally on the roots. The 
jacca tree is a native of Malabar and the 
other parts of the East Indies. The fruit 
is ripe in December, and is then eaten, but 
is esteemed difficult of digestion ; the un- 
ripe fruit is also used pickled, or cut into 
slices and boiied, or fried in palm oil. The 
r.nts are eaten roasted, and the skin which 
immediately covers them, is used instead of 
the areca nut in chewing betel. The wood 
of the tree serves for building. No less 
than 30 varieties of the fruit are enumerated 
in Malabar. It was introduced into the 
royal botanic garden at Kew, in 1778, by 
Sir Edward Hughes, Knight of the Bath. 
ARTS, fine. The Fine Arts may be 
properly defined those which, blending ele- 
gant ornament with utility, convey intellec- 
tual pleasure to the mind, through the me- 
dium of the fancy or imagination. They 
are termed elegant pr fine art», not in op- 
position to those which are necessary or use- 
ful, but to distinguish them from such as 
are necessary or useful only. 
The arts, generally distinguished by the ap- 
pellation fine, are Poetry, Music, Painting, 
Sculpture, and Engraving, with their several 
branches. To these we may not improperly 
add Dancing, and also Architecture; for 
the latter, although in its origin it was 
merely appropriated to purposes of utility, 
has certainly, by its various proportions, 
modes, and embellishments, become highly 
ornamental and impressive to the imagi- 
nation. 
It is perhaps scarcely within the scope of 
a work of this kind, intended for the pro- 
mulgation of the best-established doctrines 
on the various branches of human know- 
ledge, rather than as a receptacle for novel 
and dubious conjecture, to discuss how far 
the general sense in which a term is under- 
stood includes its full and entire meaning ; 
otherwise it might not be impossible to 
show that many branches of art or science, 
besides the above mentioned, have an in- 
separable connection with the fine arts ; and 
that, of consequence, their influence at 
least, if not their dominion, is much more 
widely extended than is commonly sup- 
posed. 
If between poetry and painting there 
really subsist that close affinity which has 
been so generally allowed, if they are daugh- 
ters of the same parent, if their object be 
the same, the mode by which they accom- 
plish that object alone different, if painting 
is mute poesy, and the poem a speaking 
picture ; may we not reasonably conclude 
that there exists some great rule, some pri- 
mary principle, common to both ; and 
hope, by tracing the conduct of the one 
art, to throw some additional light on the 
other ? Perhaps the result of an investiga- 
tion upon the nature and boundaries of the 
art of poetry would, by analogy, at once 
bring us to this conclusion, that it is impos- 
sible to define the precise limits of the fine 
arts in general, or what is alone their ob- 
ject. 
Although metre or versification be neces- 
sary to constitute what is strictly called 
poesy, still it is by all admitted and felt, 
that it is the last qualification of a great 
poet; and hence a noble author, (Lord 
Landsdown) observes, that “ Versification 
is in poetry what colouring is in painting, a 
beautiful ornament.” “ But,” he adds, “ if 
the proportions are just, the posture true, 
the figure bold, and the resemblance ac- 
