ARU 
cessions, dresses, &c. : with her assistance, 
the traveller is enabled to teach us their 
customs and manners, and instruct us in 
the process of their manufactures ; the 
deepest recesses of the earth are laid be- 
fore us, and the whole animal creation, with 
the wonders of the deep, are not withheld 
from our view. 
The arts of design, considered more 
strictly as elegant arts, have a no less ex- 
tensive and noble scope : our edifices rise 
with majestic beauty ; the column, the obe- 
lisk, and the statue perpetuate the remem- 
brance of departed worth ; whilst the pic- 
ture excites us, by its representations, to 
emulate the heroic deeds of former times, 
or transports us to the alluring regions of 
fancy.. 
We have perhaps said sufficient to shew 
the difficulty, nay, the impossibility of de- 
fining the precise limits of the fine arts in 
general. Of each in particular it is not our 
intention here to speak, nor shall we under- 
take a laborious and unprofitable inquiry 
respecting the pretensions of any one of 
them to priority of existence or superiority 
of rank. Each has its allotted office, and 
they journey on, hand in hand, reciprocally 
decorating and assisting each other, the co- 
eval, and perhaps the coequal offspring of 
the same parent. See Poetry, Painting, 
Drawing, Sculpture, Engraving, Ar- 
chitecture, Music, and Dancing. 
ARUM, in botany, a genus of plants of 
the Monoecia Hexandria class and order. 
Spathe one-leafed, convolute at the base ; 
spadix cylindrical, androgynous, naked 
above, bearing the stamina in the middle, 
and the germs at the base. There are 
three divisions, and upwards of thirty spe- 
cies. A. without stems ; leaves compound. 
B. without stems ; leaves simple. C. cau- 
lescent. Of the species we notice 1, A. 
dracontium, dragon, which has a large, tu- 
berous, fleshy root, which in the spring puts 
up a straight stalk about 3 feet high, spot- 
ted like the belly of a snake ; at the top 
it spreads out into leaves, which are cut 
into several narrow segments almost to the 
bottom ; at the top of the stalk the flower 
is produced, which has so strong a scent of 
carrion, that few persons can endure it. It 
grows naturally in most of the southern 
parts of Europe, and is preserved in gar- 
dens to supply the markets with the roots 
which are used in medicine, g. A. macu- 
latum, cuckow-pint, wake robin : the com- 
mon appellation is lords and ladies, and in 
Worcestershire, it is called bloody men’s 
ARU 
fingers. It is a native of most parts of 
Europe, except the very northern ones, iu 
shady places, and on the banks of ditches : 
flowering in May. Tiie berries ripen at 
the close of summer. The root and leaves 
of arum when recent are extremely acrid, 
and affect the tongue with a pungency as 
if it were pricked with needles. This sen- 
sation may be alleviated by milk, butter, or 
oil. When dried, they may be used for 
food in case of necessity. The root dried 
and powdered is used by the French as a 
wash for the skin, and is sold under the 
name of cypress powder. 3. A. seguinum, 
dumb-cane arum, grows naturally in the 
sugar islands, and other warm parts of Ame- 
rica, chiefly in the low grounds ; the plants 
abound in acrid juice, so that if a leaf or a 
part of the stalk be broken, and applied to 
the tip of the tongue, it causes a very pain- 
ful sensation, and such an irritation, as to 
prevent a person from speaking, hence its 
name in Jamaica, where it is said they 
sometimes rub the mouths of their negroes 
with it by way of punishment. The stalk 
is used to bring sugar to a good grain, when 
the juice is too viscid, and cannot be 
brought to granulate with lime, 
ARUNA, in botany, a genus of the Di- 
andria Digynia class and order. Gen. char, 
calyx four-parted, the divisions reflected; 
berry one-eelled, one or two-seeded. There 
is but a single species, a tree with wide 
spreading branches found in Guiana. 
ARUNDELIAN marbles, called also the 
Parian Chronicle, are supposed to be an- 
cient stones, on which is inscribed a chro- 
nicle of the city of Athens, engraven in 
capital letters in the island of Paros, one ‘of 
the Cyclades, 264 years before the Christian 
a?ra. They are frequently denominated 
Oxford marbles, and derive their name 
either from the Earl of Arundel, who pro- 
cured them out of the east, or from his 
grandson, who presented them to the Uni- 
versity of Oxford : in the former case they 
are called Arundelian, and in the latter, 
Oxford marbles. These and other ancient 
relicts were purchased in Asia Minor, 
Greece, and the islands of the Archipelago, 
by Mr. William Petty, who was employed, 
in the year 1624, by the Earl of Arundel 
for the purpose. They arrived in England 
about the year 1627, and were placed in 
the gardens belonging to Arundel house in 
London. Having excited a considerable 
share of curiosity among the learned, Mr. 
Selden undertook to explain the Greek 
inscriptions, which h<p did in a small quarto 
