ASSURANCE. 
sea-biscuit bakers, and tallow-melters ; or 
011 chymists’ laboratories ; mills, or any 
other assurances more than ordinarily ha- 
zardous, by reason of the trade, nature of 
the goods, narrowness of the place, by the 
use of kilns or stoves in the process ot any 
manufactory, or other dangerous circum- 
stances, are made by special agreement, at 
a premium proportionate to the risk. 
Assurances on building and goods are 
deemed distinct and separate adventures, 
so that the premium on goods is not ad- 
vanced by reason of any assurance on the 
building wherein the goods are kept, nor 
the premium on the building by reason of 
any' assurance on the goods ; and any num- 
ber of dwelling-houses and out-houses, to- 
gether with the goods therein, may lie as- 
sured in one policy, provided the sum to 
be assured on each is particularly men- 
tioned. 
In 1782 a duty of Is. 6d. was imposed on 
every 1001 . assured from loss by tire, which 
\vas increased in 1797 to 2s. per cent., and 
in 1804 to 2s. 6d. per cent., the annual duty 
pow payable. From the produce of this 
duty, an estimate has been formed of the 
total amount of property assured from fire 
in Great Britain, which appears to have 
been nearly as fallows : 
In 1785 
£ 125,000,000 
1789.... . 
142,000,000 
1793 
167,000,000 
1797 
184,000,000 
1801 
223,000,000 
• 1806 
260,000,000 
In the year last mentioned there were 11 
offices for assurance against fire in London, 
and 21 in other parts of Great Britain. 
Assurance on lives, secures a sum of 
money to be received on the extinction of 
any life in consideration of an annual pre- 
mium paid to the assurer during the conti- 
nuance of the life. Such assurances are 
iiiade for a given term of years, or during 
the whole /continuance of the life, or the 
joint continuance of two lives ; and as 
they are of great utility to persons having 
life incomes or life estates, and as collate- 
ral securities in many cases for money bor- 
rowed, this species of assurance, as it has 
become more generally understood, has 
likewise greatly increased. In 1790 there 
were only three societies in London which 
made assurances on lives ; in 1807 there 
were ten offices for transacting such busi- 
ness. These offices all require nearly the 
same annual premiums, of which the fol- 
lowing are a specimen. 
Age , 
1 Year . 
7 Years . 
Whole Life , 
£. 
s . 
<1. 
£. 
S ' 
d. 
£. 
S ' 
d. 
10 
..0 
17 
9 ... 
....1 
1 
5 ... 
....1 
17 
11 
15 ....-, 
,.0 
17 
11 ... 
2 
11 .. 
....1 
18 
7 
20 
,.l 
7 
3 . .. 
....1 
9 
5 .. 
3 
7 
25 
..1 
10 
7.. 
....1 
12 
i .. 
....2 
8 
1 
30 
..1 
13 
3 -.. 
...1 
14 
li .. 
....2 
13 
5 
35 
.1 
16 
4 ... 
18 
10 .. 
19 
8 
40 .... 
.<2 
0 
8 ... 
4 
1 ., 
....3 
7 
11 
45 .... 
.2 
6 
8 ... 
,...2 
10 
10 .. 
17 
11 
50 
.2 
15 
1 ... 
0 
8 ... 
....4 
10 
10 
55 
.3 
5 
0 ... 
12 
0 .. 
6 
4 
60 
18 
1 ... 
....4 
7 
1 ... 
7 
4 
65 
15 
2 ... 
10 .. 
16 
9 
67 
.5 
5 
6... 
...6 
5 
2.. 
12 
1 
These rates are computed from the pro- 
babilities of life, according to the North- 
ampton bills of mortality ; the mode of 
calculating them is explained by Dr. Price 
in his Treatise on Reversionary Payments, 
and by Mr. Morgan in a very useful work 
entitled “ The Doctrine of Annuities and 
Assurances on Lives and Survivorships stat- 
ed and explained.” 
Persons who are engaged in military or 
naval service, or who have not had the 
small-pox, or are subject to the gout, are 
charged an additional premium, supposed 
to be adequate to the additional risk. 
Policies of assurance on lives generally 
contain clauses to the following effect. 
Conditions of assurance made by persons 
on their own lives. — The assurance to be 
void if the person whose life is assured shall 
depart beyond the limits of Europe, shall die 
upon the seas (except in his Majesty’s pack- 
ets passing between Great Britain and Ire- 
land) ; or shall enter into or engage in any 
military or naval service whatever, without 
the previous consent of the assurers ; or 
shall die by suicide, duelling, or the hand 
of justice ; or shall not be, at the time the 
assurance is made, in good health. 
Conditions of assurance made by persons 
on the lives of others.— The assurance to 
be void if the person whose life is assured 
shall depart beyond the limits of Europe, 
shall die upon the seas (except in his Ma- 
jesty’s packets passing between Great Bri- 
tain and Ireland) ; or shall enter into or en- 
gage in any' military or naval service what- 
ever, without the previous consent of the 
assurers ; or shall not be, at the time the 
assurance is made, in good health. 
Any person making an assurance on the 
life of another, must be interested therein, 
agreeable to Act of 14th of George III. 
