BAI 
BA I 
lume : in 1779, the “ Histovy of Modern 
Astronomy,” in two volumes : and in 1787, 
the “ History of the Indian and Oriental 
Astronomy,” being the second volume of 
the Ancient Astronomy. Besides these, he 
was author of many memoirs in the several 
volumes of the Academy. 
In the beginning of the revolution in 
France, in 1789, M. Badly took an active 
part in that business, and was so popular 
and generally esteemed, that he was chosen 
the first president of the states general, and 
of the national assembly, and was after- 
wards for two years together the mayor of 
Paris ; in both which offices he conducted 
himself with great spirit, and gave general 
satisfaction. 
He soon afterward, however, experienced 
a sad reverse of fortune ; being accused by 
the ruling party of favouring the king, he 
was arrested and summarily condemned, by 
an infamous and bloody tribunal, for inci- 
vism and wishing to overturn the republic, 
and died by the guillotine at Paris, on the 
11th day of November, 1793, at 57 years 
of age. The character of this great man 
can only be estimated by his works. In 
liis person he was tall ; his deportment was 
grave and sedate, and he blended firmness 
with sensibility. 
BAILIFF, an officer appointed for the 
administration of justice within a certain 
district, called a bailiwick. Hence the 
sheriff is considered a bailiff to the crown ; 
and his court, of which he has the care, 
and in which he is to execute the king’s 
writ, is called his bailiwick, so also his 
officers who execute writs, warrants, &c. 
are called bailiffs. 
Bailiffs of franchises, those appointed 
by every lord within his liberty to do such 
offices therein as the bailiff errant does at 
large in the county. 
There are also bailiffs of forests, and 
bailiffs' of manors, who direct husbandry, 
fell trees, gather rents, pay quit rents, &c. 
Bailiff, water, an officer appointed in 
all port-towns for the searching of ships, 
gathering the toll for anchorage, &c. and 
arresting persons for debts, &c. on the 
water. 
Bailiff, however, is still applied to the 
chief magistrate of several corporate towns. 
The government of some of the king’s cas- 
tles is also committed to persons called 
bailiffs, as the bailiff of Dover castle.. 
BAILIWICK, that liberty which is ex- 
empted from the sheriff of the county, over 
which liberty the lord thereof appoints his 
own bailiff, with the like power within his 
precinct as an under-sheriff exercises under 
the sheriff of the county : or it signifies the 
precinct of a bailiff, or the place within 
which his jurisdiction is terminated : such 
is the bailiff of Westminster. 
BAILMENT, is the delivery of things to 
another, sometimes to be delivered back to 
the bailer, sometimes to the bailee, and 
sometimes to a third person : this delivery 
is called a bailment. The following rules 
are binding in the law of bailments : a 
baillee who derives no advantage for his 
undertaking is responsible only for gross 
negligence. A bailer who alone receives 
benefit from tlse bailment is responsible for 
slight neglect. When the bailment is bene- 
ficial to both parties, the bailee must be 
answerable for ordinary neglect. No bailee 
shall be charged for a loss by inevitable 
accident, or irresistible force, except by 
special agreement. Robbery by force is 
considered as irresistible, but a loss by pri- 
vate stealth is presumptive evidence of ordi- 
nary neglect. 
BAINBRIDGE (John), an eminent 
physician, astronomer, and mathematician. 
He was born in 1582, at Ashby de la Zonch, 
Leicestershire. He studied at Cambridge^ 
where having taken his degrees ot bachelor 
and master of arts, he returned to Leices- 
tershire, kept a grammar-school, and at the 
same time practised physic ; employing his 
leisure hours in studying mathematics, es- 
pecially astronomy, which had been his fa- 
vourite science from his earliest years. By 
the advice of his friends, lie removed to 
London, to better his condition, and im- 
prove himself with the conversation of learn- 
ed men there ; and here he was admitted a 
fellow of the College of Physicians. His 
description of the comet, which appeared 
in 1618, greatly raised his character, and 
procured him the acquaintance of Sir Henry 
Savile, who, in 1619, appointed him his 
first professor of astronomy at Oxford. On 
his removal to this university, he entered a 
master commoner of Merton College ; the 
master and fellows of which appointed him 
junior reader of Linacer’s lecture in 1631, 
and superior reader in 1635. As he re- 
solved to publish correct editions of the an- 
cient astronomers, agreeably to the statutes 
of the founder of his professorship, that he 
might acquaint himself with the discoveries 
of the Arabian astronomers, he began the 
study of the Arabic language when he was 
above 40 years of age. Before he had com- 
