BAN 
BANDEROLL, a little flag in form of a 
guidon, extended more in length than 
breadth, used to be hung out on the masts 
of vessels, &c. 
BANE, in law, destruction, as he who 
is the cause of another man’s death is said 
to be le bane, that is a malefactor. Brac- 
ton. 
BANERET. See Bynneuet. 
BANIAN days, a sea term among 
sailors, to signify those days in which they 
have no meat. It was probably derived 
from the practice of the Banians, which 
see. 
BANIANS, a religious sect in the empire 
of the Mogul, who believe a metempsychosis, 
and will therefore eat no living creature, 
nor even kill noxious animals ; but endea- 
vour to release them when in the hands of 
others. 
The Banians are said to be so fearful of 
having communication with other nations, 
that they break their cups if one of a differ- 
ent religion has drank out of them, or even 
touched them. It is said that if they hap. 
pen to touch one another they purify and 
wash themselves before they eat, or enter 
their own houses. They carry, hanging to 
their necks, a stone called tamberane, as big 
as an egg, and perforated in the middle, 
through which run three strings ; this stone, 
they say, represents their great god, and 
upon that account they have great respect 
shewn them by all the Indians. 
BANISHMENT is the quitting of the 
realm: there are two kinds of it, one‘volun-> 
tary, called abjuration, and tiie other upon 
compulsion for some offence. By the habeas 
corpus act no subject of this realm, who is 
an inhabitant of England, Wales, or Ber- 
wick, shall be sent prisoner into Scotland, 
Ireland, Jersey, Guernsey, or place beyond 
seas, where they cannot have the protection 
of the common law, for by it every English- 
man may claim a right to abide in his own 
country so long as he pleases, and not be 
banished or driven from it but 'by sentence 
of the law. 
BANISTERIA, in botany, named after 
the Rev. John Banister, a curious botanist, 
who lost his life in the search of plants in 
Virginia ; a genus of the Decandria Trigynia 
class and order. Natural order, trihilatse, 
malpbigise. Essential character : calyx five- 
parted, with melliferous pores at the base 
on the outside ; petal roundish, with claws ; 
stigmas leave-shaped ; seeds three-winged, 
with membranes. There are 24 species, all 
VOL. I. 
BAN 
of which are inhabitants of very hot cli- 
mates, chiefly in America, from Brazil to 
Louisiana, particularly the islands. They 
are shrubs mostly with twining stems, adorn- 
ing the woods with the beauty of their 
flowers, and the variety of their opposite 
leaves. They cannot be preserved in Eng- 
land unless they are kept in a bark stove. 
They are propagated by seeds, which must 
be procured from the countries where they 
grow naturally. The seeds must be fully 
ripe, and put into sand or earth in which they 
should be sent to England, otherwise they 
will not grow : when they arrive they should 
be immediately sown in pots ; and if if hap- 
pen in autumn or winter the pots should 
be plunged into a hot-bed of tanner’s bark, 
and secured from frost and wet till spring, 
when they must be removed to a fresh hot- 
bed, which will bring up the plants ; but if 
they should not appear the first year, the 
pots should be preserved till the next 
spring, as the plants may come up then. 
When the plants appear they must be treat- 
ed like other tender plants from the same 
countries. 
BANK, in commerce, the name usually 
given to establishments which receive the 
money of private persons, to keep it in 
security or improve it at interest, till those 
to whom it belongs have occasion to draw 
it out again. They are generally formed by 
a number of monied persons, who, for car- 
rying on the business of exchanging or deal- 
ing in bullion, money, and bills, advance a 
considerable sum as a joint capital, which 
also forms a security to those who deposit 
money with them. The convenience of 
such institutions in facilitating commercial 
transactions, has caused them to be erected 
in almost every considerable city of Europe. 
The bank of Venice was established about 
the year 1157, the bank of Genoa in 1345, 
the bank of Amsterdam in 1609, the bank 
of Hamburgh in 1619, the bank of Rotter- 
dam in 1635, the bank of England in 1694, 
the bank of Scotland in 1695, the bank of 
France in 1716. 
Bank of England, was projected by Mr. 
W. Paterson, a merchant, who in conjunc- 
tion with others arranged the establishment 
for which with some difficulty they obtain- 
ed the sanction of parliament. The charter 
was executed July 27, 1694, and was grant- 
ed for the term of twelve year's, the cor- 
poration being then determinable on a year’s 
notice. The original capital subscribed was 
1 , 200 , 000 b which they lent to government 
at 8 per cent, interest, with an allowance of 
H h 
