BAR 
deposits flakes of albumen. It reddens lit- 
mus paper, and is strongly precipitated by 
lime-water, nitrate of lead, and sulphate of 
iron, indicating the presence of phosphoric 
salts. The liquid being evaporated to the 
consistence of a syrup, and the residue treat- 
ed with alcohol, the solution diluted with 
water, and the alcohol distilled off, to sepa- 
rate some gluten which still remained, a 
syrupy matter was obtained, having a sweet 
taste, which was considered as the saccha- 
rine matter of the barley. A portion re- 
fused to dissolve in alcohol. This portion 
was considered as extractive. The white 
powder which precipitated from the water 
in which the barley had been originally tri- 
turated, possessed the properties of starch. 
Barley-cohj, the least of our long mea- 
sures, being the third of an inch. 
BARLOWE (William) in biography, an 
eminent mathematician and divine, was born 
in Pembrokeshire, his father (William Bar- 
lowe) being then bishop ofSt. David’s. In 
1560 he was entered commoner of Baliol 
College in Oxford ; and in 1564, having 
taken a degree in arts, he left the university, 
and went to sea, where he acquired consi- 
derable knowledge in the art of navigation, 
as his writings afterwards shewed. About 
the year 1573 he entered into orders, and 
obtained much and valuable preferment, 
and at length was appointed chaplain to 
Prince Henry, eldest son of King James the 
First ; and, in 1614, archdeacon of Salisbury. 
Barlowe was remarkable,, especially for 
having been the first writer on the nature 
and properties of the loadstone, 20 years 
before Gilbert published his book on that 
subject. He was the first who mads the in- 
clinatory instrument transparent, and to be 
used with a glass on both sides. It was he 
also who suspended it in a compass-box, 
where, with two ounces weight, it was 
made fit for use at sea. He also found out 
the difference between iron and steel, and 
their tempers for inagnetical uses. He like- 
wise discovered the proper way of touching 
magnetical needles ; and of piecing and ce- 
menting of loadstones ; and also why a 
loadstone, being double- capped, must take 
lip so great a weight. He died in the year 
1625. His works are numerous and re- 
spectable. 
BARM, otherwise called Yeast , the head 
or workings out of ale or beer. 
RARNACLK, in ornithology, a species 
of goose with a black beak, which is much 
shorter than in the common goose. See Anas. 
Barnacle is also a species of shellfish, 
BAR 
otherwise called concha apatifera. Seethe 
article Concha. 
Barnacles, in farriery, an instrument 
composed of two branches joined at one 
end with a hinge, to put upon horses’ noses 
when they wili not stand quietly to be shod, 
blooded, or dressed. 
BARNADESIA, in botany, so called 
fiom Michael Bamades, a Spanish botanist, 
a genus of the Synegenesia Polygamia 
iEqualis class and order: natural order of 
Composite Discoid* ; Corymbiferas, Juss. 
Essential character : calyx naked, imbricate, 
pungent ; corolla radiate. Down of the ray 
feathered ; of the disk, bristly, broken back- 
wards. There is only one species, B. spi- 
nosa, a shrub with very smooth branches, 
set with a pair of thorns at their origin, 
which at first were stipules ; they are patu- 
lous, brown, and smooth. It is a native of 
South America. 
BAROCO, in logic, a term given to the 
fourth mode of the second figure of syllo- 
gisms. A syllogism in baroco has the first 
proposition universal and affirmative, but 
the second and third particular and nega- 
tive, and the middle term is the predicate 
in the two first propositions. For ex- 
ample : 
Nallus homo non est bipes : 
Non omne animal est bipes : 
Non omne animal est homo. 
BAROMETER, an instrument for mea- 
suring the weight or pressure of the atmos- 
phere ; and by that means the variations in 
the state of the air, foretelling the changes in 
the weather, and measuring heights or 
depths, &c. About the beginning of the 
17th century, when the doctrine of a plenum 
was in vogue, it was a common opinion 
among philosophers, that the ascent of water 
in pumps was owing to what they called 
nature’s abhorrence of a vacuum ; and that 
thus fluids might be raised by suction to 
any height whatever. But an accident 
having discovered that water could not be 
raised in a pump unless the sucker reach- 
ed to within 33 teet of the water in the well, 
it was conjectured by Galileo, who flourished 
about that time, that there might be some 
other cause of the ascent of water in pumps , 
or at least that this abhorrence was iimited 
to the finite height of 33 feet. Being unable 
to satisfy himself on this head, he recom- 
mended the consideration of the difficulty 
to Torricelli, who had been his , disciple. 
After some time Torricelli fell upon the 
suspicion, that the pressure of the atm os- 
