BAR 
BARRULET, in heraldry, the. fourth 
part of the bar, or the one half of the clos- 
set : an usual bearing in coat-armour. 
BARRULY,. in heraldry, is when the 
field is divided bar-ways, that is across from 
side to side, into several parts. 
BARRY, in heraldry, is when an escut- 
cheon is divided bar-ways, that is across 
from side to side, into an even number of 
partitions, consisting of two or more tinc- 
tures, interchangeably disposed: it is to 
be expressed in the blazon by the word 
harry, and the number of pieces must be 
specified ; but if the divisions be odd, the 
field must be first named, and the number 
of bars expressed. 
Barry bendy is when an escutcheon is 
divided evenly, bar and bend-ways, by lines 
drawn transverse and diagonal, interchange- 
ably varying the tinctures of which it con- 
sists. 
Barry -pity is when a coat is divided by 
several lines drawn obliquely from side to 
side, where they form acute angles. 
BARS, in music, lines drawn perpendi- 
cularly through the staves, to divide the 
notes into equal temporary quantities. By 
the assistance of these lines, the composer 
figures the correspondence of the parts of 
his score. It is also by their assistance that 
the performer is enabled to keep his time, 
and that a whole band, however numerous, 
is regulated and held together. 
BARTERING, in commerce, the ex- 
changing of one commodity for another, or 
the trucking wares for wares, among mer- 
chants. Bartering was the original and na- 
tural way of commerce, there being no buy- 
ing till money was invented, though in ex- 
changing, both parties are buyers and sel- 
lers. The only difficulty in this way of 
dealing lies in the due proportioning the 
commodities to be exchanged, so as that 
neither party sustain any loss. Although 
the invention of money has not altogether 
put an end to barter, yet it has entirely pre- 
vented it from appearing in its real form in 
the books of merchants, as each article is 
there stated in its money value, and each 
sale is supposed to be paid for, in the cir- 
culating medium of the country, even in 
cases where no money whatever is made 
use of in the transaction. 
The following example will sufficiently 
explain the method of proportioning the 
commodities. Two merchants, A and B, 
barter; A would exchange 5 C. 3qr. 1416. 
of pepper, worth 32. 10s. per C. with B 
for cotton worth 10 d. per pound; how 
BAR 
much cotton must B give A for this pep- 
per ? 
In order to solve this question, and all 
others of the same nature, we must first 
find, by proportion, the true vaiue of that 
commodity whose quantity is given; which, 
in the present case, is pepper: and then 
find how much of the other commodity will 
amount to that sum, at the rate proposed. 
First, to find the value of the pepper, 
say As 1 C. is to SI. 10s. so is 5 C. 3 qr, 
1426. to 202. 11s. 3d. the true value of the 
pepper. 
Then it is easy to conceive that A ought 
to have as much cotton at 10d. per pound, 
as will amount to 202. 11s. 3d. which will 
be found by the following proportion. 
As 10(2. is to 126. so is 20 2. 11s. 3d. to 4C. 
1 qr. 17j!6. — And so much cotton must B 
give A. tor his 5 C. 3 qr. 1426. of pepper. 
BARTRAMIA, in botany, is a genus of 
the Decandria Monogynia class of plants, 
the calyx of which is a perianthium, cut 
into five parts : the corolla consists of five 
wedge-shaped petals ; the fruit is globular, 
and the seeds are four in number, convex 
on one side, and angular on the other. 
BARTSIA, in botany, so named from 
Dr. Bartsch, the intimate friend of Linnasus, 
a genus of the Didynamia Angiospermia 
class of plants, whose flower consists of one 
petal, having the upper lip longest; the 
seeds are numerous, small, angular, and in- 
closed in capsules. There are five species, 
one called B. gymnandria, grows within 
the arctic circle, on the north side of the 
Frozen Ocean in Kamtschatka, where there 
is no other vegetation. 
BARUTH, an Indian measure, contain- 
ing seventeen gantans : it ought to weigh 
about three pounds and an half of English 
avoirdupois. 
BARYTES was discovered by Scheele 
in 1774 ; and the first account of its pro- 
perties published by him in his Dissertation 
on Manganese. This is a very heavy mi 
neral, most frequently of a flesh colour, of 
foliated texture and brittle, very common 
in Britain and most other countries, espe- 
cially in copper mines. It was known by 
the name of ponderous spar, and was sup- 
posed to be a compound of sulphuric acid 
and lime. Gahn analysed this mineral in 
1775, and found that it is composed of 
sulphuric acid, and the new earth discovered 
by Scheele. Scheele published an account 
of the method of Obtaining this earth from 
ponderous spar. The experiments of these 
