BAU 
consequence of which is, that as the army 
beaten cannot again look the e lie my in the 
tace till these losses have been repaired, it 
is forced to leave the enemy a long time 
master of the country, and at liberty to ex- 
ecute all their schemes; whereas a great 
fight lost is rarely attended with the loss of 
all the artillery, and scarcely ever of the 
baggage. See Tactics. 
Battle, naval, the same with a sea-fight, 
or engagement between two fleets of men 
of war. Before a naval battle every squad- 
ron usually subdivides itself into three equal 
divisions, with a reserve of certain ships out 
of every squadron to bring up their rear. 
Every one of these observing a due birth 
and distance are in the battle to second one 
another; and the better to avoid confusion 
and falling foul of each other, to charge, 
discharge, and fall off by threes or fives, 
more or less, as the fleet is greater or 
smaller. The ships of reserve are instructed 
either to succour and relieve those that are 
any way in danger, or to supply and put 
themselves in the place of those that shall be 
made unserviceable. See Tactics. 
BAUERA, in botany, a genus of the 
Polyan'dfia Monogynia class and order. 
Calyx eight-leaved; petals eight; capsule 
two-celled, two-valved, many-seeded. One 
species, which is a native of New Holland. 
BAUHINIA, in botany, so called in ho- 
nour of the two famous botanists John and 
Caspar Bauhin, a genus of the Decandria 
Monogynia class and order. Natural order 
of Lomentaceae; Leguminosae, Jussieu. 
Essential character: calyx five-cleft, deci- 
duous; petals expanding, oblong, with 
claws, • the upper one more distant, all in- 
serted into the calyx, legume. There are 
13 species, of which B. aculeata is an erect 
shrub, the height of a man ; the trunk and 
branches are very prickly; leaves roundish ; 
the two lobes also are roundish and blunt ; 
the flowers are large, white, and have a 
scent which is somewhat unpleasant ; 
sometimes the fold of the calyx is entire, 
not cloven. Mr. Miller says that it rises to 
the height of sixteen or eighteen feet in 
Jamaica where it grows plentifully, and the 
other sugar islands in America; that the 
stalks are terminated by several long spikes 
of yellow flowers, which are succeeded by 
bordered pods, about three inches long, con- 
taining two or three swelling seeds ; that 
these pods are glutinous, and have a strong 
balsamic scent, as have also the leaves when 
braised; and that it is called in America the 
BAY 
Indian savin tree, from its strong odour, 
somewhat resembling the common savin. 
BAWOY-house, a house of ill fame, to 
which lewd persons of both sexes resort 
and there have criminal conversation. 
The keeping a bawdy-house is a common 
nuisance, not only on account that it endan- 
gers the public peace by drawing together 
debauched and idle persons, and promoting 
quarrels, but likewise for its tendency to 
corrupt the manners of the people. And, 
therefore, persons convicted of keeping 
bawdy-houses are punishable by fine and 
imprisonment ; also liable to stand in the 
pillory, and to such other punishment as the 
court, at their discretion, shall inflict. 
BANTERIANS, in church history, a sect 
of Christians who look up to the celebrated 
Richard Baxter as their founder, and who 
make the tenets of that worthy man the 
foundation of their faith. The object of 
Baxter was a hopeless cause, it was to re- 
concile the opinions of Calvin and Arminius, 
and his scheme is called the middle scheme. 
Although the old adage, that the middle path 
is the safest, may be true in many things 
relating to the conduct of life, yet where 
truth and religion are concerned there can 
be no middle way. There is no medium 
between what is true and what is erroneous. 
Baxter taught that God elected some whom 
he determined to save without any fore- 
sight of their good works, and that others 
to whom the gospel is preached have the 
means of salvation put into their hands. He 
contended that the merits of Christ’s death, 
of which he appears to have had no precise 
idea, are to be applied to believers only, but 
all men are in a state capable of salvation. 
Mr. Baxter also assumed that there may be 
a certainty of perseverance here ; and yet he 
cannot tell whether a man may not have so 
weak a degree of saving grace as to lose it 
again. 
BAYER, (John) in biography, a Ger- 
man lawyer and astronomer of the latter part 
of the 16th and beginning of the 17th cen- 
tury, but in what particular year or place 
he was bom is not certainly known : how- 
ever, his name will be ever memorable in 
the annals of astronomy, on account of that 
great and excellent work which he first 
published in the year 1603, under the title 
of “ Uranometria,” being a complete celes- 
tial atlas, or large folio charts of all the con- 
stellations, with a nomenclature collected 
from all the tables of astronomy, ancient 
and modern, with the useful invention of 
denoting the stars in every constellation by 
