>~r - , ■! ^ f -•>-' 
EEL 
latter, affords an illustration of what is 
called respiring in the former : hence bel- 
lows have been employed in restoring sus- 
pended animation. See Drowning. 
The bellows of smiths, founders, &c. are 
worked by means of a rocker, with a string 
fastened to it, and pulled by the workman. 
One of the boards is fixed so as not to play 
at all. By drawing down the handle of the 
rocker, the moveable board rises, and by 
means of a weight on the top of the upper 
board sinks again. Large bellows used in 
founderies, &c. receive their motion from 
water wheels or steam: others that are 
small are worked by the feet of the men 
using them, as is the case with enamellers, 
jewellers, &c. The bellows of an organ 
are six feet long, and four feet broad, each 
having an aperture of four inches, that the 
valve may play easily. To blow an organ 
of sixteen feet, there are required four pair 
of these bellows. 
BELLTJ/E, in natural history, the sixth 
order of the class Mammalia. They are 
distinguished by fore-teeth, obtuse; feet 
hoofed ; motion heavy ; food gathering ve- 
getables. There are four genera, viz. 
Equus. Sus. 
Hippopotamus. Tapir. 
BELLY, in anatomy, the same with 
what is more Usually called abdomen, or 
rather the cavity of the abdomen. See 
Anatomy. 
Belly of an instrument, in music, is that 
thin, smooth board over which the strings 
in a harpsichord, piano-forte, &c. are dis- 
tended, and which by the vibration contri- 
butes to the tone. In a violin, and other 
instruments performed with a bow, and in 
a guitar, it is that part of the body which 
lies immediately under the strings. 
BELT, in the military art, a leathern 
girdle for sustaining the arms, &c. of a sol- 
dier. 
BELTS, in astronomy, zones or girdles 
surrounding the planet Jupiter, brighter 
than the rest of his body, and terminated by 
parallel lines. They are observed, however, 
to be sometimes broader and sometimes 
narrower, and not always occupying exactly 
the same part of the disc. Jupiter’s belts 
were first observed and described by Huy- 
gens. Dark spots have often been observed 
on the belts of Jupiter; and M. Cassini ob- 
served a permanent one on the northern 
side of the most southern belt, by which he 
determined the length of Jupiter’s days, or 
the time in which the planet revolves upon 
BEN 
its axis, which is 9 h 5 6 m . Some astrono- 
mers suppose that these belts are seas, which 
alternately cover and leave bare large tracts 
of the planet's surface : and that the spots 
are gulphs in those seas, which are some- 
times dry, and sometimes full. But Azout 
conceived that the spots are protuberances 
of the belts ; and others again are of opinion 
that the transparent and moveable spots are 
the shadows of Jupiter’s satellites. 
Cassini also speaks of the belts of Saturn ; 
being three dark, straight parallel bands, or 
fascice, on the disc of that planet. But it 
does not appear that Saturn’s belts adhere to 
his body, as those of Jupiter do ; but rather 
that they are large dark rings surrounding 
the planet at a distance. Some imagine that 
they are clouds in the atmosphere of Saturn, 
though it would seem that the middlemost is 
the shadow of his ring. 
Belts, in geography, certain straights be- 
tween the German ocean and the Baltic. 
The belts belong to the King of Denmark, 
who exacts a toil from all ships which pass 
through them, excepting those of Sweden, 
which are exempted. 
BELVIDERE, in the Italian architec- 
ture, &c. denotes either a pavilion on the 
top of a building, or an artificial eminence 
in a garden: the word literally signifying a 
fine prospect. 
BEND, in heraldry, one of the nine ho- 
nourable ordinaries, containing a third part 
of the field when charged, and a fifth when 
plain. It is sometimes, like other ordina- 
ries, indented, ingrailed, &c. and is either 
dexter or sinister. 
Bend dexter is formed by two lines drawn 
from the upper part of the shield on the 
right to the lower part of the left, diago- 
nally. It is supposed to represent a shoul- 
der belt, or a scarf, when worn over the 
shoulder. 
Bend sinister is tiiat which comes from 
the left side of the shield to the right : this 
the French heralds call a barre. 
Bend in is when any tilings borne inarms 
are placed obliquely from the upper corner 
to the opposite lower, as the bend lies. 
BENDING, in a general sense, the re- 
ducing a straight body into a curve, or giv- 
ing it a crooked form. 
The bending of timber, boards, &c. is 
effected by means of heat or steam, whereby 
their fibres are so relaxed that you may 
bend them into any figure. 
Bending, in the sea-language, the tying 
tworopesor cables together : thus they say, 
bend the cable, that is, make it fast to the 
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