BOTANY. 
Fissum, cloven, when the fissures are li- 
near or straight. 
Lobatum, lobed, when the segments are 
rounded. 
Sinuatum, sinuated, cut into rounded, di- 
lated openings. 
Partitum, deeply divided, almost to the 
base. 
Laciniatum, laciniated, cut into various 
irregular portions, as if torn. 
Incisum, and dissectum, express somewhat 
of a more regular kind of division. 
Palmatum, palmate, cut into several ob- 
long segments, leaving an entire space at 
the base. 
Pinnatijidum, pinnatifid, cut into several 
transverse parallel segments. 
Bipinnatijidum, doubly pinnatifid. 
Pectinatum, pectinate, pinnatifid with re- 
markably narrow segments, like the teeth 
of a comb. 
Inequale, unequal or oblique, when the 
two halves of a leaf are unequal, and their 
bases not parallel. 
A leaf in its termination is either trunca- 
tum, abrupt; prcemorsum, jagged-pointed, 
having various irregular notches, as if bit- 
ten ; retusum, ending in a broad shallow 
notch; emarginatum, with a small acute 
notch ; obtusum, ending in a segment of a 
circle ; acutum, terminating in an acute an- 
gle ; acuminatum, having a taper point ; ob- 
tusum cum acumine, blunt with a small 
point ; mucronatum, or cuspidatum, tipped 
with a spine; or cirrosum, tipped with a 
tendril. 
A leaf, with regard to its margin, is either 
integerrimum, entire, as in the lilac; for it 
must be observed, that integrum means an 
undivided leaf ; spinosum, beset with prickles, 
as in thistles, which is opposed to inerme ; 
eiliatum, fringed with soft hairs ; cartilagi- 
neum, hard and horny; dentatum, toothed; 
serratum, serrated, the teeth, like those of a 
saw, pointing forwards; serrulatum, mi- 
nutely serrated ; crenatum and crenulatum, 
notched with little rounded scallops, as in 
ground ivy ; erosum, jagged ; repandum, 
wavy ; glandulosum, glandular ; revolution, 
having the margin turned or idled back- 
wards, of which involutum is the reverse ; 
or conduplicatum, having the margins folded 
together. 
A leaf, as to its disk, is either rugosum, 
rugged ; bullatum, blistery ; plica turn, plait- 
ed, like a fan; undulatum, waved obtusely 
up and down; crispum, elegantly curled 
and twisted, which is generally a preterna- 
tural luxuriance ; concavum , hollow in the 
middle ; venosum, veiny ; nervosum, ribbed, 
the principal veins or ribs extending in sim- 
ple lines from the base to the point ; ave- 
nium, without veins ; enerve, without ribs; 
trinerve , three-ribbed ; triplinerve, triply- 
ribbed, when the lateral ribs branch olf 
above the base; basi trinerve, when the 
base is cut away close to the lateral ribs, as 
in burdock. 
A few other terms relating to leaves in 
general deserve mention. F. carnosian is a 
fleshy leaf, such as belongs to those called 
succulent plants. The internal pulp of these 
seems to have no share in their peculiar 
functions as leaves : but to be a reservoir of 
moisture, and some degree of vitality. F. 
nudum means a leaf destitute of all clothing 
or hairiness whatever: the same term ap- 
plied to a stem means that it bears no leaves, 
and to a flower, that it has no calyx. F. 
tubulosum is a tubular leaf, as in several 
species of allium ; lobelia dortmanna has a 
leaf formed of a double tube ; canaliculatum 
expresses a leaf with a longitudinal furrow ; 
carrinatum, one with a prominent line like a 
keel at its back ; ensiforme, the Sword-shaped 
or two-edged leaf of the irises ; alcinutum is 
used by Dr. Smith “ when the first leaves 
of a plant give place to others totally dif- 
ferent from them, and from the natural ha- 
bit of the genus, as in many mimosce of N e w 
Holland ;” the first leaves of these are pin- 
nated, the subsequent ones dilatations as it 
were of the naked foot-stalks ; apjjendicula- 
tum is used by the same author for a leaf 
“ furnished with an additional organ for 
some particular purpose,” as in dionrea 
muscipula above-mentioned, and nepenthes 
destillatoria, the leaf of which bears a sort 
of covered pitcher full of water. We omit 
to particularize the more common terms 
which are to be found every where. 
Compound leaves come principally under 
the following denominations. 
F. digitatum is when several leaflets, or 
partial leaves, stand on the summit of a 
common foot-stalk. Such are either two, 
three, or more. F. pinnatum, a pinnate 
leaf, is composed of leaflets ranged laterally 
on the foot-stalk ; when it has no terminal 
leaflet it is said to be abruptly pinnate; 
sometimes a tendril takes place of the odd 
leaflet, as in the pea and vetch. The leaflets 
are either opposite or alternate : sometimes 
they are interrupted by an intermediate 
series of smaller ones, as in spirasa filipen- 
dula, dropwort. F. lyrato-pinmitum re- 
sembles a lyrate leaf, as in the turnip. F. 
uuriculatum is a simple leaf, with a pair of 
