BOTANY. 
VIT. Heptandria. Stamens, 7. 
1. Monogynia, Trientalis, and ./Escidus. 
2. Digynia. Litaeum. 
3. Tetragynia. Saururus. 
4. Heptagynia. Septas. 
VIII. Octahdria. Stamens 8. 
1. Monogynia. A large and beautiful 
order, containing Epilobium, Fuchsia, Vac- 
citiro, and the vast genus Erica ; also, ac- 
cording to Dr. Smith, Acer. 
2. Digynia. Mrehringia, &c. 
3. Trigynia. Polygonum, &c. 
4. Tetragynia. Adoxa, Paris. 
IX. Enneandritt. Stamens 9. 
1 . Monogynia. Laurus, famous for pro- 
ducing the cinnamon, sassafras, and cam- 
phor. 
2. Trigynea. Rheum, the rhubarb only. 
3. Hexagynia. Butomus. 
X. Decandria. Stamens 10. A rather 
numerous class. 
1. Monogynia. Cassia, and some other 
papilionaceous plants. Also Ruta and its 
family, followed by Kalmia, Rhododendron, 
Andromeda, &c. 
2. Digynia. Saxifraga, Dianthus, Sapo- 
naria. 
3. Trigynia. Si'iene and Arenaria, both 
allied to Dianthus ; also Malpighia and 
Bannisteria. 
4. Pentagynia. Lychnis, Cerastium, and 
Spergula ; allied also to Dianthus. Cotyle- 
don, Sedhm, and Oxaiis follow. 
5. Decagynia. Neurada and Phytolacca. 
XI. Dodecandria. Stamens 12 — 19. 
1. Monogynia. Lythrum, Halesiae, Pe- 
ganum. 
2. Digynia. Agrimonia. 
3. Trigynia. Reseda and Euphorbia. 
4. Tetragynia. bias been recently esta- 
blished to receive Calligonum and Apous- 
geton. 
5. Pentagynia. Glinus. 
6. Dodecagynia. Sempervivum, the 
houseleek. 
Thus far the Linnaean classes are founded 
solely upon the number of the stamens. In 
the following ones insertion, proportion, and 
connection of the same parts are to be con- 
sidered. Of all the preceding classes the 
characters of the 4th, 6th, and 10th, chiefly 
interfere with any of the subsequent ones, 
as will be explained hereafter. 
XII. Icosandria. Stamens twenty or 
more, inserted into or growing out of the 
calvx. This mode of insertion always in- 
dicates an eatable and wholesome fruit. 
1. Monogynia. Myrtus, Amygdalus, 
Primus. 
2. Pentagynia. According to Dr. Smith 
should comprise also the Digynia and Tri- 
gynia of Linnceus, as they all vary one into 
the other. Pyrus, Mespilus, Spinssa, and 
Mesambry anthemum . 
3. Polygynia. Rosa, and its beautiful 
natural order, including Rubus, Fragaria, 
&c. 
XIII. Polyandria. Stamens numerous, 
inserted into the receptacle. This class is 
very distinct in character and qualities from 
the last. Its plants arc often poisonous. 
1. Monogynia. A fine order. Capparis, 
Papaver, Nymphma, Cistus. 
2. Pentagynia. Dr. Smith recommends 
in his “ Introduction to Botany,” the same 
plan in this class as in the preceding, of 
uniting Digynia, Trigynia, Tetragynia, and 
Hexagynia of Linnaeus, under Pentagynia, 
because as they stand now in his works, 
natural genera as well as the species of one 
genus are often separated, and several 
plants vary from one Linnaean order to 
another. Examples are, Paeonia, Delphi- 
nium, Aquilegia, Nigella, Stratiotes. Some 
Nigellae have ten styles. 
3. Polygynia. Dillenia, Magnolia, Ane- 
mone. Clematis, Ranunculus, See. 
XIV. Didynamia. Stamens two long 
and two short. 
This class therefore is distinguished from 
the 4th by the proportion of its filaments, 
a circumstance which is only an index to 
other characters in the flower, for there is 
a correspondent irregularity in the form of 
the corolla. The class in question is almost 
perfectly a natural one, containing the 
Labiate, Ringens, or Personate flowers in 
general. The orders are as natural as the 
•class, being only two, and founded on the 
structure of the fruit. 
1. Gymnospermia. Seeds naked in the 
bottom of the calyx, almost always four. 
The plants are aromatic and wholesome. 
Some of the principal genera are Teucrium, 
Mentha, Lavandula, Lamium, Thymus, and 
Melittis. 
2. Angiospermia. Seeds enclosed in a 
seed-vessel, and generally very numerous. 
The plants of this order are handsome, but 
footed and poisonous, quite distinct in nature 
from those of the former, and more akin to 
the Pentandria Monogynia. The genera 
Bignonia and Antirrhinum sometimes vary 
with five stamens and regular flowers. In- 
teresting genera of this order are Pedicu- 
