BOTANY. 
laris, Clielone, Antirrhinum, Linnsea, Gro- 
bauche, and Acanthus. 
XV. Tetradynamia. Stamens tour long 
and two short. A natural class, comprising 
the cruciform flowers, except Cleome, "which 
is thought to have been erroneously placed 
here. The orders are two, perfectly 
natural. 
1. Siliculosa. Fruit a roundish pod or 
pouch, Myagram, Draba, Lunaria, Alysum, 
Cochlearia, Thlaspi. 
2. Siliquosa. Fruit a very long pod, Den- 
taria, Cardamine, Cheiranthus, Brassica, 
Sinapis. 
XVI. Monadelphia. Stamens united by 
their filaments into one tube. This is the 
first class in which the connexion of those 
parts is taken into consideration. Number 
therefore being here of secondary impoi- 
tance, serves to discriminate the orders. 
1. Triandria. Sisyrinchium, Ferraria, Ta- 
marindus, Aphyteia. 
2. Pentandria. Erodium, Hermanma. 
3. Heptandria, Pelargonium only, se- 
parated from Geranium by L’Herritier, an 
eminent French botanist. 
4. Octandria. Aitonia, named by the 
younger Liimams after the late Mr. Aiton 
of K.cw garden. 
5. Decandria. Geranium. 
6. Endecandria. Brownea only. 
7. Dodecandria. Stamens generally fif- 
teen. Pterospermum, Pentapetes, &c. 
8. Polyandria. The finest order of the 
whole, contains Malva, Sida, Althaea, La- 
vatera, Gossypium, Hibiscus, Camellia, and 
others ; most mucilaginous emollient plants. 
XVII. Diadelphia. Stamens united by 
their filaments into two parcels, both some- 
times cohering at the base. Flowers almost 
universally papilionaceous. 
1. Pentandria. Monnieria only. 
2. Hexandria. Saraca, Fumaria. 
3. Octandria. Polygala. 
4. Decandria. The largest and most na- 
tural order, tho sections of which require to 
be studied with care. 
* Stamens all united. These plants are 
strictly monadelphous, and it is only on ac- 
count of their close affinity to the rest of 
the order that Linnaeus took the liberty of 
placing them here. Some of them indeed, 
as Lupinus and Ulex, have the tenth stamen 
unlike the rest, though united with them be- 
low. No confusion arises in practice from 
this seeming contradiction of the character 
of the class, because the habit of these 
• flowers is so clear and distinct from all 
others. If, however, a papilionaceous plant 
has its ten stamens all separate ana uncon- 
nected, it is necessarily to be referred to the 
tenth class. 
** Stigma downy. Without the charac- 
ter of the foregoing section. . Phaseolus, 
Dolichos, Orobus, Pisum, Lathyrus, Vicia, 
to which Dr. Smith has added Eroum, after 
separating from the latter some species er- 
roneously referred to it. See Flora Britan- 
nica, 776. 
*** Legume imperfectly divided into two 
cells. Always without the character of the 
preceding sections. Biserrula, Phaca, As- 
tragalus, the last a very extensive and intri- 
cate genus. 
**** Legume with scarcely more than 
one seed. „ Psoralia, Trifolium, tup latter 
a very irregular genus in character, though 
distinct in habit, sufficiently known for its 
agricultural uses. 
***** Legume composed of single-valved 
joints which are rarely solitary. Hedysa- 
rum, Hippocrepis, Coronilla, Smithia, the 
latter furnished with irritable leaves like 
the true Sensitive plant or Mimosa. 
****** Legume of one cell with several 
seeds. Many species of Trifolium properly 
belong here, and have been separated by 
some authors under the name of Melilotus ; 
also the valuable Indigofera, with Cytisus, 
Robinia, Lotus, and Medicago. 
XVIII. Polyadelphia. Stamens united 
by their filaments into more than two par- 
cels. Orders characterized by the number 
or insertion of their stamens. In this class 
Dr. Smith has made many corrections, and 
the orders in his Introduction to Botany 
stand as follows. 
, i. Dodecandria. Stamens, or rather an- 
thers, from twelve to twenty or twenty-five. 
Their filaments unconnected with the ca- 
lyx. Theobroma, the chocolate tree, Bu- 
broma, Abroma, Monsonia, and Citrus. 
2. Icosandria. Stamens numerous, their 
filaments inserted into the calyx, in several 
parcels of course, as Melaleuca, a fine aro- 
matic genus, principally from New Holland. 
3. Polyandria. Stamens very numerous, 
unconnected with the calyx. Hypericum 
is the principal genus here. 
XIX. Syngenesia. Anthers united into 
a tube. Flowers compound. This is en- 
tirely a natural class, and its orders likewise 
are founded on natural characters. ' 
1. Polygamia fEquales. Every one of 
the florets which constitute the compound 
flower is, in this order, perfect within itself, 
having perfect stamens and pistil with one. 
seed. The florets are either ligulate, as in 
