Deane on Albinistic and Melanistic Plumages . 25 
tion of 10 feet ; another, with three eggs, June 21, from an elm, at 
a height of 18 feet; the third, with a single egg, June 17, from an 
ailanthus, only 6 feet from the ground. The eggs _ were all fresh at 
these dates. The eggs are so similar to those of acadicus that no 
one should presume to tell them apart with any show of confidence. 
It is permitted to us, in the present state of our knowledge, to 
formularize the distinctions which normally subsist between the 
four Eastern species of Empidonax, as follows ; and it will be ob- 
served with satisfaction, that they may be distinguished when site of 
nests, structure of nests, and character of eggs are together taken 
into consideration : — 
E. acadicus . Nest in trees, in horizontal fork, thin, saucer-shaped, 
open-work ed ; eggs creamy white, boldly spotted. 
E. trailli. Nest in trees, in upright crotch, thick, deeply cupped, more 
or less compact-walled ; eggs creamy white, boldly spotted. 
E. minimus. Nest in trees, in upright crotch, deeply cupped, compact- 
walled ; eggs immaculate white. 
E. Jiaviventris. Nest on ground or near it, deeply cupped, thick and 
bulky ; eggs white, spotted. 
ADDITIONAL CASES OF ALBINISM AND MELANISM IN 
NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 
BY RUTHVEN DEANE. 
Since my last list of albinistic and melanistic plumages occurring 
among our birds (Bulletin, Yol. IY, pp. 27-30), I have been enabled 
to swell the number by the addition of thirty-nine species repre- 
senting the former, and two representing the latter phase of plu- 
mage. For the references to a number of species in Naumann’s 
building the small, compact nests of soft materials that come to us from Ohio 
through Dr. J. M. Wheaton, or from Missouri through Mr. Widmann, such as 
you describe. It seems to me also noteworthy that E. trailli breeds in the 
interior so much further south than it does in the Atlantic States, where, 
though noted as breeding sparingly as far south as Long Island, it rarely nests 
in New England south of the Canadian Fauna, or south of Central and Northern 
Maine and corresponding points in Vermont and New Hampshire. (See on 
this point Purdie, ‘The Country,’ of May 4, 1878. Compare further, on the 
general subject, Pearsall and Bailey, ibid., of April 20, 1878, and Purdie, 
‘Forest and Stream,’ of April 25, 1878.) ” 
