66 Dalgleish on North American Birds in Europe. 
Longchamps, in the “ Memoires de la Societe Royale des Sciences 
de Liege,” Vol. IV, April, 1846, entitled, “Sur les Oiseaux Ameri- 
cains admis dans la Faune Europeerme,” in which he has severely 
criticised the then existing records, and deleted therefrom the fol- 
lowing seventeen species, whose authenticity seemed not to be sub- 
stantiated : Strix nebulosa , Setophaga ruticilla, Corvus spermolegus 
(americamcsT), Junco hyemalis, Spiza ciris, Passer ella iliaca, Sylvi- 
cola noveboracensis, Sitta canadensis , Parus bicolor , Meleagris galli- 
pavo , Ortyx virginiana , Ciconia americana, Ardea herodias , Ardea 
cayennensis , Anser canadensis , Anas sponsa, and Cairina moschata. 
He also places in the same category the names of Haliaetus leuco- 
cephalus , Loxia leucoptera, and Harporhynchus ru/us, of which I 
find sufficient evidence, in later records, to place in the list of un- 
doubted occurrences. 
The number of species admitted by him in 1846 of those whose 
appearance in Europe seemed confirmed, after deducting Larus 
sabinii and Larus rossii , which rather belong to those circumpolar 
species common to both continents, is only eighteen, while it will 
be observed that, not including the nine species mentioned below 
as unworthy of credence, upwards of sixty-nine are there recorded, 
of whose appearance on at least one occasion there seems at present 
no reasonable doubt. 
Into the question of migration, or the routes likely to have been 
taken by these stragglers to European shores, I have not at present 
presumed to enter, this subject having already been so well treated 
of by Professor Baird, in his article in the “American Journal of 
Science and Art,” Vol. XVI, May, 1866. On this subject I would, 
however, also call attention to an article in the “ Proceedings of 
the Zoological Society of London,” by Herr H. Gatke, contained in 
the volume for 1860, p. 105, on the occurrence of American birds in 
Europe, and more particularly in Heligoland. This small and com- 
paratively insignificant islet in the North Sea has of recent years, 
as is well known, attracted considerable interest, in consequence of 
the myriads of birds of all sorts which visit it from time to time, 
on migration ; and it will be seen that those of North America, even, 
have not failed to put in an appearance in its potato-fields, the only 
shelter it possesses. It will be observed that upwards of fourteen 
individuals, including twelve species, are recorded as having occurred 
since the veteran ornithologist Gatke first took up his residence there, 
now nearly forty years ago. Perhaps it may not be out of place 
