122 A DICTIONARY OF 
Cow-cress. (1) Lepidium campestre, L. — Prior, p. 54. 
(2) Helosciadium nodijiorum, Kocli. — Hants. 
(3) Veronica Beccahunga, L. — Ess. (Brentwood). One of its Frencli 
names is Cresson de cheval. 
Cow-fat. ‘ The red valerian.’ — Hal. AYr. Centranthus ruher^'DC. 
Cowflop. Digitalis purpurea^ L. — Dev. Hal. Wr. 
Cow-foot. Senecio Jacohoea, L, — Sal. (Tilstock). 
Cow-grass. (1) Trifolium medium, L. — Qhes. ; E. Bord. Bot. E. 
Bord. ; N. Line. E. D. S. Gloss. C. 6 ; ‘a species of clover/ Bcotl. 
Jamieson. 
(2) Trifolium prate7ise, L. — Wight, El. Yect. ; Berwicksh. ; John- 
ston’s Flora of Berwick. Often applied to a cultivated form of this 
plant known as T. pratense perenne. 
(3) Polygonum aviculare, L. — Treas. Bot. 
Cow-heave. Tussilago Farfara, L. — ‘ Perhaps originally cow-hoof, 
from a supposed resemblance to the hoof of a cowl Selkirks. Jamieson. 
Cow-keeks {i. e. cow-kecks — a large kind of keck). Heradeum 
Sgdiondylium, L, — E. Bord. Bot. E. Bord. 
Cow-keep. Heradeum Sphondylium, L. — Fifesli. Gard. Chron., 
1861. Another form of the last name, or it may he because cows are 
fond of it. 
Cowmack. ‘ An herb supposed to have great virtue in making the 
cow desire the male.’ — N. Scotl. Jamieson. This is no doubt Lychnis 
vespertina, Sibth., of which Mascal (Government of Cattle) says: 
‘ Some husbands (to make the cow take the bul the sooner) do give 
her of the herb called Cow-make, which groweth like a white gilli- 
flower among corn.’ 
Cow-mumble. (1) Anthriscus sylvesfris, HofFm. — Cumh., Ess.,Norf. 
(2) Heradeum Sphondylium, L. — Hal. Wr. ; E. Anglia, Forby; 
Line. ; Norf. and Suff. HoU. 
(3) Hedge Umhelliferce generally. — Ess. 
Cowpaps. Silene infiata, L. — E. Bord. ‘ Evidently derived from 
the shape and size of the turgid seed-capsules.’ — Bot. E. Bord. 
Cow-parsley. Anthriscus sylvestris, HofFm. — Camh., N. Ess., Glou., 
Hants., Norf. Prior, p. 55. 
Cow-parsnip, Heradeum Sphondylium, L. — A name invented by 
Turner (Names), explained as ‘ being good fodder for cows.’ Coles, 
A. in E., 580. Loth. ; Ltoxh. Jamieson. Prior, p. 55. 
Cowquake. (Also called Cow-quakers.) (1) Briza media, L. — 
Derh. ; Sal. (Ellesmere), Ger. ; E. Bord. Bot. E. Bord. ; Prior, p. 55. 
‘ Maio mense paniculam explicat, unde nonnulli adagium illud angli- 
cum : May, come she early, come she late, makes the cow quake, de hoc 
gramine interpretantur, hoc est, Majus citiusne an serius advenerit 
non vaccam facit tremulam, sed gramen tremulum cow-quakes dictum 
producit.’ — E. Syn. 
(2) Spergula arvensis, L. — East, Hal. Wr. 
