ENGLISH PLANT NAMES. 
489 
Whip-beam. Pyrus Aria, Sm. — Herts. ? ‘ When it grows in coppices 
it serves the plough-boy to make himself a horse-whip.’ Ellis, 
Modern Husbandry, yii. pt. 2, p. 91. 
Whipcrop. (1) Pyrus Aria, Sm. — Hal. Wight, El. Vect. 
(2) Vihurnum Lantana, L. — Wight, FI. Yect. The long, straight, 
and very tough shoots of both these species are cut for whip-handles 
by waggoners. 
(3) Vihurnum Opulus, L. — Wight, Phyt. 0. S. iii. 420. 
Whip-tongue. Galium Mollugo, L. — (Prior, p. 248), but G. Aparine 
is no doubt intended. Cfr. Bluid-tongue. Prior, p. 248. 
Whipultre. The name of some tree mentioned by Chaucer (Canter- 
bury Tales ; Knight’s Tale). The quotation is as follows : 
‘ But how the fire was maken up on height, 
And eke the names, how the trees height. 
As oke, firre, beche, asp, elder, elme, popelere. 
Willow, Holme, Plane, Boxe, Chesten, laure. 
Maple, thorne, berche, ewe, hasel, whipultre, 
How they were felde, shall not be told for me.’ 
In several counties a ivhipple-tree is the cross bar to which plough 
horses are yoked, and it is usually made of ash. It is possible that 
the ash may be the tree intended, as it is not otherwise mentioned in 
the list, though almost all other British trees are enumerated. 
Whirl Bent. Juncus squarrosus, L. — Cumh. Vi. D. 8. Gloss. C. 8. 
Whistle-wood. (1) Pyrus Aucuparia, Gaertn. — Yks. (Wakefield). 
(2) Acer campestre, L., and A. Pseudo-platanus, L. — Clackmannansh. 
Whit-aller. Samhueus nigra, L. — Som. See Black Aller in Appx. 
Whit Sunday. Narcissus biflorus, L. — Dev. See Friend. 
Whitsun-boss. The cultivated form of Vihurnum Opulus, L. — Glou. 
Whitsun Gilliflower. See Gilliflower, Whitsun. 
[White. See Water.] 
White Ash. (1) Pyrus Aucuparia, Gaertn. — Lyte. 
(2) JEgopodium Podagraria, L. — Som. (‘ the only name ’). 
White-ash Herb. PEgopodium Podagraria, L. ? ‘A herb which 
grows amongst grass.’ Ellis’ Country Housewife’s Companion (1750), 
p. 128. ‘ White-ash is much rejected by cattle.’ Ib. p. 318. 
White-back. Populus alba, L. — Hal. Norf. Holh, in allusion to 
the white underside of the leaves. 
White-beam. Pyrus Aria, Sm. — Johnson in Ger. Emac, who calls 
it White-beam Tree. Prior, p. 248. 
White Blow. (In Ger. Index Whitblow.) (1) Saxifraga tridactylites, 
L. — Ger. 
(2) Draha verna, L. — Ger. Cfr. Grass, Whitlow. Prior, p. 249, 
White-caps. Agaricus campesfris, Schaeff. — Ess. ‘At Stapleford 
Abbot, in Essex, the people call them White-caps, laughing at those 
