16 
Indian Forest Records. 
[VoL. II. 
When this work is complete^ or before the male has finished the pairing 
chamber j a female enters the orifice of the entrance tunnel of the male in 
the bark and works her way downwards, enlarging the tunnel as she 
goes in (as she is larger in circumference than the male), till she reaches 
the male in the pairing chamber. After pairing with the male the 
female commences to eat out a galleiy in the sap wood and bast ; this 
gallery takes a direction away from the pairing chamber and is always 
more or less at right angles to the long axis of the tree (figs of, 4/), in 
this differing from other Indian coniferous and broad-leaved Scolytid®,* 
in which the gallery bored by the female is parallel to the long axis of 
the tree. As she eats out this tunnel, the female makes little indentations 
in the edges on both sides and places an egg in each. When she has 
completed the gallery, which is the egg gallery, i.e., when she has laid 
all her eggs, she dies in situ at the head of the gallery. Before the 
gallery is completed, however, the larvae from the first laid eggs commence 
to hatch out. The larva eats (jut a narrow tunnel in a direction at right 
angles from the egg gallery (c/. figs. 3/, 4i^), and this larval gallery 
appears to be invariabh’- straight. Tliis may be due to the bard 
straight fibres of the oak w^od, but whatever the cause, this habit of tlie 
grub distinguishes it at once from other known Indian Soolytid 
bark boring grubs whose tunnels invariably serpentine ; also, owing to 
the fact that the egg galleries are at right angles to the long axis of the 
tree i.e., go round the tree, the larval galleries go straight up and down 
the tree. The plan tlius made is so different to any of the at present 
known Indian Scolytidge as to render the presence of this insect in the 
trees easily recognizable. 
The larval galleries increase in diameter with the growth of the grub 
as it eats away from the egg gallery ; they do not groove the sap wmod 
as deeply as the female ones do. 
The larva where full grown eats out a depression in the sap wood 
at the end of its gallery and pupates. On maturing from the pupal 
stage the beetle eats its way through the bark which covers it, making 
a small circular exit tunnel in it and escapes to seek out a good tree in 
which to oviposit and carry on the attack. The presence of these 
numerous exit holes on the outside of the bark serves as an indication 
that the beetles bred in it have left the tree. 
Sphaeroirypet tiwalikensis, Scolytug major, Polygraphug major, etc. 
