116 
Indian Forest Records. 
[VoL. IT. 
fodder, cattle might have been expected to browse them 
off, grazing throughout the year must obviously be 
looked upon as a distinct advantage, in fact a real 
necessity.’ ’ 
On the other hand, we find that the observations and conclusions of 
Mr. H. F. Arbuthnot, Deputy Conservator of Forests, are entirely at 
variance with those of Mr. Fernandez and Mr. Martin. On page 123, 
Volume XXX, Indian Forester, Mr. Arbuthnot writes as follows re- 
garding the Malapanagudi block in the Bellary District — 
“ Tills block is an interesting one, as it has been under special pro- 
tection from grazing, cutting, and fires for the last 25 years. 
The lesult has been that most of the area, w^hich was then 
presumably blank, has been stocked with Yepi {Hard- 
inckia hinata) -svhich is the principal species of the block. 
This species now appears on the ground in different aged 
groups, from old trees down to young seedlings. There 
are groups representing all ages. From examination of 
the younger plants it seems to me that it takes at least 
six or seven years before a seedling really becomes estab- 
lished, and begins to grow ; till then it dies off every hot 
weather. Very possibly the necessary time for a seedling 
to become established is even longer. There are still a few 
blank areas which remain unstocked, but seedlings are 
scattered sparsely over these two.’’ 
We would specially draw attention to the views of Mr. J. B. Fry, 
Conservator of Forests, Bombay Presidency, in a letter to the Conservator 
of Forests, Berar (vide the Indian Forester, Volume XXIX, page 527) : — 
“ The tree seeds more or less irregularly every year, and abund- 
antly every third or fourth year, but in spite of this one 
never finds a dense growth of saplings. Throughout 
Khandesh and Xasik, where the tree is fairly abundant 
in parts, I have almost invariably noticed that the trees 
are dotted about singly, 20, 30 or more feet apart. In our 
case fire and grazing may have had something to do with this, 
especially in Khandesh- If we could protect seedlings from 
these tivo dangers, 1 believe that many more of them would 
survive, though possibly the open nature of the forests in 
which the Anjan grows may have something to do with the 
