Part III. ] Witt: Sylviculture of Hardwickia binata. 
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(3) Formation of the Present Anjan Crop. 
(a) Pure Forest. 
(i) Present conditions . — We have already remarked on the almost 
universal absence of natural regeneration in these forests, yet, at some 
time or other, there must have been such regeneration, to produce the 
present crop. The question arises, in what way are the present condi- 
tions different from those that previously existed ? 
In the first place we know for a certainty that all these forests were 
considerably denser in the past, and that years of unrestricted and un- 
regulated fellings have sadly devastated and opened them up. Further 
we know that the Anjan has always been very much sought after, and 
persistently lopped and pollarded, on account of the value of its foliage 
as fodder. Here then we have two processes at work retarding re- 
production, inasmuch as the forest no longer continues to afford the 
same amount of shade and protection to the young seedlings as formerly, 
during those critical months of the dry season, with the result that seed- 
ing after seeding perishes wholesale, instead of a portion of it sm’viving to 
aid in the work of reproduction. If we bear in mind that these pure for- 
ests are mostly situated on dry and shallow soil, where the struggle of the 
seedling for existence is severest, the harm done by depriving it of this 
most necessary covering becomes all the more serious. 
To the above we can now add the factor of grazing. Certainly in 
Nim.ar, in those areas most conspicuous for a total absence of regenera- 
tion, the grazing is now-a-days very much heavier than it used to be. 
Since according to our theory a growth of grass benefits the seedling, 
grazing must obviously be considered injurious, in removing this protec- 
tive covering. 
Taking now these three conditions together — {i) a poor shallow soil, 
(2) insufficient overhead shade, (3) removal of the protective growth of 
grass by grazing — we fully believe that the combined effect of these 
has been, and is, sufficient to account for the present absence of 
regeneration in forests of the pure type. 
The state of affairs to-day can be seen by anyone who will take the 
trouble to notice the result of a gregarious seeding of Anjan in forest of 
this type, comparing areas heavily grazed with areas closed to grazing. 
Nowhere was the present process more evident than in the forests of 
the Khandwa Range, Nimar Division, after the seeding of 1905. Our 
