128 Indian Forest Records. [ VOL. II, 
present system of management has given us contiguous areas, respec- 
tively, open and closed to grazing. 
Wlien the rains of 1906 commenced, the almost total disappearance of 
the seeding from the areas which were open to grazing, as compared with 
those closed, was most remarkable. 
A very noticeable fact repeatedly observed in these forests is, that 
wherever a stray seedling exists that has escaped the general holocaust 
of its brethren, it is to be found under the shelter of a bush of some 
other species, more often than notone of a thorny nature, suchas Acacia 
Catechu or Gymnosporia montana. The escape of such a seedling is 
obviously due to (1) the overhead shade, (2) being protected by the 
bush from damage by cattle. 
Plate F shows a tj^pical example of an Anjan sapling, which has 
survived and developed under such circumstances. 
(ii) Past conditions . — On the other hand, so long as (1) overhead 
shade was sufficient, (2) the protective growth of grass was not removed 
by grazing, the Anjan seedlings were able, in spite of the poor soil, to 
survive the first critical stages of their existence, producing as a result 
the present crop. 
(b) Mixed Forest. 
{i) Present conditions . — We are here dealing for the most part with 
Anjan on sandstone, and granitic formations. The forests of the Punasa 
and Chandgarh Eanges, Nimar Division, may be taken as the type of 
this class. 
The first point to notice is that, according to Mr. Fernandez, for the 7 
years between 1874 and 1881 whilst he was in charge of these forests no 
Anjan seedling survived, and that, generally, natural reproduction in 
this type of forest is no better than that on the trap formation. Here, 
however, we must emphatically disagree. During our frequent inspec- 
tions of these forests, and whilst wandering in the pursuit of game, we 
frequently came across areas which would not have been visited other- 
wise, in which the most perfect advance growth of Anjan was to be seen. 
Patches varying from half to one and sometimes two acres in extent are 
not infrequent in these areas. Plate G represents a typical patch of ad- 
vance growth in the Punasa Reserve on crystalline sandstone, the soil 
consisting of 8| inches of sandy loam. 
These patches of advance growth, judging from the height of the in- 
dividual plants, vary in age from a few years up to 20 or more. It 
