Mines and Mineral Statistics. 
71 
and otlicr tin-bearing localities in tbe district of Inverell; and, in 
accordance witli your instructions, I now forward you tlie following 
additional obserA'atious on tbe geology of this interesting and important 
district. 
Dr. Ludwig Leicbbardt, as yon are aware, in 18'12~43, made a cursory 
exploration of the western part of JMew England, and gave a short 
description of its geological features ; but in 1853, tbe iter. "W. lb 
Clarke made a more extensive examination of tlio whole district, and, 
in bis report (dated 7 May, 1853) to tbe Honorable tbe Colonial 
.Secretary, drew attention for tbe first time to the probable occurreu(;o 
of extensive deposits of tin ore. He then stated tliat ‘‘wolfram and 
oxide of tin, with tourinaliiio, occur near Duinb-e and in Paradise 
Creek, and it is probable that tliis ore of tin is plcuti fully distributed 
in the alluvia of other tracts, as 1 have found it amidst tlie spindle 
rubies, oriental emeralds, sapphires, and other gems of tlie detritus 
from granite.*' Tiiat these anticipations have been realized is attested 
by those valuable deposits of tin ore, Avlucb Invve now been ]iroved 
such an important audition to tlie vast mineral resources of iXcw South 
Wales. 
As, however, the Eev. Mr. Clarke, in his report to which T shall 
hereafter make frequent reference, dwells more particularly on the 
leading geological features of tlie Kortliern Districts, J Mali do myself 
the honor, having the benefit of his previous researches, to give you a 
more detailed description of that iiart of the tin-bearing country Avhich 
lies chiefly to the south and east, and witJiin a radius of about 25 miles 
from Inverell. 
Tlie principal tin mines within this area are those on Cope’s Creek, 
Middle Creek, and on tlie Macintyre Eiver at Elsmore and JMewstoad. 
From [flew.stcad the Macint 3 n*e Eiver has a Avcsterly course to 
Inverell, — distance about 12 miles ; it is then diverted in a northerly 
direction by the liigli basaltic range of Table Top. Middle Creek, 
ooming from the S.E., floAvs into the MaeinpYre, a short distance above 
Inverell ; AA'hilst Cojie’s Creek, lying about lb miles furtlicr south, takes 
a westerly course and joins the Gwydir or Big Eiver. 
TJie general aspect of the intervening country is very uneven and 
rough, consisting of nigged liills more or less thickly timbered, and 
rocky gullies ami creeks, which in places Iiave their cliannels cut into 
Avild precijhtous ravines, as on Lower Cope’s Creek, where also several 
fine waterfalls m(\j he seen. 
B}^ observations Avlth an aneroid barometer, the toAvnship of Inverell 
is about 2,010 feet above tlie level of the sea; and the vicinity of 
■Cope’s Creek is from 30() to 800 feet higher. 
For clearness of description, it may be avcII to arrange the formations 
separately in the following order : — 
Eecent Quaternar 3 \ 
Pleistocene ... ... ... ...T 
Pliocene > Tertiary. 
Miocene J 
Carboniferous ... ... ... 
Granites > Primary. 
Greenstone ) 
