248 
Indian Forest Records. 
[VoL^. 
3. Kerosine oil mixed with soap and water, * 
4. Slaked lime, and 
5. Coal tar. 
They were all, however, useless except kerosine oil. This was found to 
act on the beetle and kill it but was useless as regards the larvae. 
‘ ‘ Finally a mixture of coal tar and kerosine oil was smeared over the 
affected part and hghted. This made a hot and rapid flame, which 
heated the bark to such an extent that it Idlled both the beetles and larvae 
entirely without apparently charring the tree. The affected part of the 
bark would be already ruined by the beetles, so the remedy could not 
damage the tree any further, whereas it effectually exterminated the in- 
sects. The treatment was received with delight by the owners as they 
saw a chance of gathering the nuts of many trees which otherwise would 
have been felled. 
“ After arriving at the above conclusion I had the whole of the 
Shinghar forest, both new and old, systematically examined, tree by tree. 
Those found healthy were blazed as an indication that they had been 
examined. The trees partly affected and still green were treated \vith 
tar and kerosine oil and trees past bearing were felled and burnt ; alto- 
gether 1 ,643 acres of forest were gone over, which is practically the whole 
of it, both demarcated or otherwise. 
“ The curious feature of the Borer Beetles noticed this season was 
the very small proportion of new trees attacked by them. Out of the 
whole forest only one small sapling was found to have been attacked for 
the first time this year. I should say rather that this was the only one 
which the beetles had been able to bore into and breed in the bark. There 
were many instances where a swarm had settled on the bark and had 
attempted to bore as was evinced by small globules of sap or resin exuding 
from the bark, and in some cases the beetles were even found embedded 
in the globule. But no damage was done to the tree. On the other hand 
the trees that had been previously attacked and which were at all sickly 
or weak were found to be again infested in a new part with both beetles 
and larvae. 
“ From the above observations, I have come to the conclusion that 
the Chilgoza tree, if healthy and full of sap, is able to protect itself against 
the onslaughts of the beetles, and does so by exuding resin as soon as the 
beetles prick its bark in trying to bore. This has the effect of either driv- 
ing the insect away, or of drowning it, should it persist. It will be borne in 
mind that for several years prior to 1906 there had been severe droughts 
in Zhob. In consequence the Chilgoza trees had not been able to obtain 
sufficient nourishment and had lost vitahty. They were, therefore, 
unable to resist the attacks of the beetles, not having sufficient sap to 
