Part IV.] Caccia ; Selection method of treatment in India. 401 
the kind of forest, the state of vegetation, the conditions of soil and 
climate, and the amount of funds and supervision available. In 
drawing up prescriptions under this head the following points 
should be attended to : — 
(t) Cleanings and Weedings and Cvtting-hack operations — 
1. Improvement fellings should either follow extraction or pre- 
cede it by a sufficient time to allow the felled trees to decay and so 
not impede transport (wherever the sale of such produce cannot be 
effected) ; and they should be repeated as frequently as the circum- 
stances of the case demand, taking into consideration funds and 
establishment available. 
{Note. — As a general rule, improvement fellings should be 
carried out in each area as soon as possible after the major timber 
exploitations have been completed.) 
2. Improvement fellings should be carried out by a trained 
officer, if possible. 
{Note. — Forest Guards may be trained to do good work in this 
respect.) 
3. Small seedlings of valuable species should be assisted by 
freeing them from bamboos and undergrowth, and superfluous shoots 
should be removed. 
4. The crowns of healthy, well grown, promising, young poles 
and saplings of the principal species should be freed from all low 
overhead cover as far as possible. 
5. Unsound trees of the principal species, and all trees of 
inferior species interfering with the growth of trees of superior 
species should (when unsaleable) be girdled, if girdling will kill 
them, and in the case of trees which will not die by girdling, should 
be felled. 
But good trees of marketable species overshadowing or suppress- 
ing trees of the principal species should only be killed if the sup- 
pressed tree is likely to increase in value more than the tree or trees 
suppressing it, or if for sylvicultural reasons {e.g., the production of 
seed), the suppressed tree is required. 
6. All marketable dead and unsound trees, and trees badly 
damaged by main fellings, which are not likely to increase in value 
and are not required for seed may, if convenient to do so, be marked 
for extraction. 
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