402 
Indian Forest Records. 
[VoL. I. 
7. Badly grown and unsound poles which will produce good 
coppice shoots should be carefully cut hush with the ground, when 
such reproduction is required. 
8. Improvement fellings are as a rule carried out solely with the 
object of favouring the development of promising young poles, and 
seedlings of the principal species. But in exceptional cases the 
intention may also be to induce reproduction where this is absent ; 
and in that event improvement fellings may also be directed to the 
following points : — 
{a) The removal of badly grown, low-spreading trees of the 
principal species, as well as those unsaleable from hollowness or 
defective growth, which are impeding possible natural reproduction 
from surrounding trees of the principal species. 
(b) The removal of useless miscellaneous species with large low 
oTowns, the shade of which is obviously preventing the reproduction 
of the principal species beneath them. 
{ii) Thinnings — 
Thinnings in young thickets of saplings and poles may be done 
at the same time as the regular selection markings are being carried 
out, or with the prescribed improvement fellings. 
(Note. — Frequent light thinnings are better than heavy thin- 
nings taking place at long intervals.) 
(Hi) Climber Cuttings^- 
All climbers should be cut in two places as far apart as possible, 
and the severed ends smashed with an axe to prevent coppicing. 
(Note 1. — Climbers should be cut at the time the markings for 
fellings are being carried out, and at the time of felling; and the 
whole area may be gone over twice or oftener during the felling 
rotation.) 
(Note 2. — Climber cutting can be carried out by Forest Guards.) 
(iv) Removal of Epiphytic Fid — 
1. All trees attacked by epiphytic fici should be felled at the 
time the regular selection markings are being carried oat. 
