6 
Indian Forest Records. 
[VoL. IX 
{v) ‘ Spruce ’ and ‘Silver Fir' 
The quantity of these timbers available from the Punjab, United 
Provinces, North West Frontier Province and Kashmir is very large. 
The total quantity which might be forthcoming is not known, as it is 
only in recent years that in response to a demand, these timbers have 
been exploited in quantity. The tendency is now to work the forests 
containing ‘ Spruce ’ and ‘ Silver Fir ’ to a much greater extent than 
formerly. Kashmir for instance produces 1,000,000 c.ft. of which 50,000 
c.ft. are sleepers and once the market is ensured and a steady demand 
arises there can be no doubt that the supply will be very large. The 
rising demand is indicated by the fact that the North-West Frontier 
Depots had stocked as much as 190,000 c.ft. of these timbers in 1919-20, 
while the outturn from the Simla Hill States amounts to 22,340 c.ft. 
per annum. 
(vi) ‘ Sain,’ Terminalia tomenlosa. 
Large quantities of this timber are available from Bm’ma, as it is 
common in that Province and has been little extracted in the jjast. The 
quantity available is not known, though, were the forests to be worked 
systematically, the annual yield would rim into many thousands of tons. 
Supplies could be obtained from all the Pegu Yoma Divisions at from 
Rs. 60 to Rs. 70 per ton converted f.o.r. or about Rs. 5-0-0 per Broad 
Gauge sleeper. In the Central Provinces, ‘ Sain ’ trees hardly grow large 
enough to convert into Broad Gauge sleepers, though a considerable 
number of Metre Gauge sleepers could be supplied. The amount annually 
available from the United Provinces is fixed at 402,000 c.ft. 
of which 281,000 c.ft. were extracted in 1919-20. The quantity taken 
out from the Bombay Forests per annum is about 73,000 c.ft. and this 
amount could be considerably increased, were a steady demand to arise. 
In Bengal the ‘ Sain ’ is not very common,but considerable supplies could 
be procured from Bihar and Orissa, especially from the Angul, Singh- 
bhum, Cuttack and Sambalpur forests. The West Coast forests of 
Madras contain large quantities of this timber, especially the North 
and South Malabar and South Coimbatore divisions ; the present outturn 
from these three divisions amounts to 33,000 c.ft. As in Bombay the 
outturn would be greatly increased, were a steady demand to arise. 
‘ Sain ’ is plentiful in Mysore from which forests about 83,000 c.ft. are 
taken out annually, which is by no means the total quantity available ; 
the Coorg forests also contain this species, some 10,000 c.ft. being put 
on the market every year. 
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