Part IV.] Simonsen ; ConsMmnis oj Indian Essential Oils. 
7 
f The results of a careful examination of the turpentine have proved 
of more than ordinary interest. Careful fractional distillation of the 
oil has shown that it consists of d-a. pinene of remarkable purity (87'9 per- 
cent), d-terpineol, a bicyclic sesquiterpene CjgHg^, and a small quantity 
of a saturated hydrocarbon of the formulae C 11 H 24 . 
Owing to the very small percentage of the last named constituent 
which was present, its separation from the oil in a pure state offered very 
considerable difficulty. It was found to boil at 191-192°/705mni. and 
had the constants dIqs 0-7353, 1-414. From a consideration of 
these figures together with the results of the analysis and molecular 
weight determination (see page 11 ) there can be little doubt that this 
hydrocarbon was n-undecane. This hydrocarbon was isolated by 
Mabery (Am. 1897. 29.419,) and Mabery and Hudson (Am. 1897. 
19, 482.) from Pennsylvanian and Ohio petroleum and it has also been 
studied by Krafit (Berichte. 1882.25-1697.) and Ross and Leather. 
(Analyst. 1906. 31. 284.) The last named investigators found this 
hydrocarbon to boil at 193-195°/754mm. and to have the following 
constants : — 0-7466, 1-41817 which recalculated to 30° 
• 30 * 30 * • 
give the following values Dgg* 0 - 73525, N j) 1-41217 which agree very 
closely with the values foimd by the authors for their hydrocarbon. 
The identification of a paraffin hydrocarbon is always a matter of 
considerable difficulty and unfortunately the authors had not sufficient 
material available for the preparation of derivatives. They do not 
however consider that there can be any doubt that their hydrocarbon 
is identical with w-imdecane. When oxidised with nitric acid succinic 
acid was the only product which could be isolated. 
The separation of a sarurated hydrocarbon of the paraffin series 
from the coniferae appears to be of more than ordinary interest. 
With few exceptions the hydrocarbons obtained from the oleo-resins 
have the formulae CioHjg or C 15 H 24 and are unsaturated. The only 
exceptions which the authors have been able to find are the two 
turpentines from P. Sabiniana and P. Jeffreyi both of which consist 
essentially of the hydrocarbon heptane, whilst Baker and Smith (The 
Pines of A ustralia, page 33) have separated from the latex of Araucaria 
Cunninghamii two hydrocarbons of the formulae CioH^g and CigHgo- 
Apart from P. lambertiana, P. excelsa would appear to be the first 
member of the “ strobus ” (five leafed) group of pines the oleo-resin of 
which has been examined and in view of the results obtained it would 
appear desirable that other members of this group should be examined 
in order to determine if they also contain hydrocarbons of the paraffin 
series. There would appear to be some evidence for the occurrence 
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