.3b 
Indian Forest Records. 
[VOL. IX 
Although the timber converted green was badly degraded by mould 
on the surface, the depreciation was due plainly to conditions of 
storage. 
Water seasoning actually gave the best results. 
Seasoning in the log gave the poorest results, in that there was 
more sinrface cracking, but more particularly, because of the incipient 
decay in the sap wood and heartwood. The sapwood of this species 
is liable to severe damage by borers. Girdling also gave poor results 
probably because of the fact that the logs were not converted promptly 
after felling. 
The essential point in connection with the seasoning of this wood 
is to convert the logs as quickly as possible after cutting, and to 
stack the timber in a well ventilated situation so as to accomplish 
thorough seasoning before decay and mould set in. 
(35) Hopea parvifiora (Appendix I — 35). South Mangalore Division, 
Madras. Coorg. 
Considering the, density of the wood, this species seasoned with 
little depreciation and is to be classed among the moderately refrac- 
tory species. Splitting and cracking were the principal defects. 
Splitting usually occm’red along the core of the old trees in wide 
boards and, to a less extent, in pieces not containing the core. In 
the case of the former, the splits were widely developed, while in 
the latter, they were distinct but not excessive in size. The cracks, 
for the most part ,were small and did not seriously damage the 
timber, especially for structural purposes. Many of the pieces, 
particularly the scantlings, were passed as perfect. Large borers 
did severe damage in the sapwood and outer heartwood in the girdled 
trees and to a less extent in the feUed logs held for seasoning. The 
sapwood was somewhat discolored, but there was no evidence of 
actual decay. 
Girdling reduced the splitting and the cracking and would have 
given the best general results had it not been for the damage done 
by borers in the sapwood and outer heartwood. Because of the 
hability to severe damage by borers, girdlmg is not recommended 
unless necessary for the scheme of extraction. 
Seasoning in the log resulted in marked damage by borers in 
sapwood and outer heartwood, and also in considerably more sphtting 
in pieces which did not contain the core of the tree. 
There was little difference in the results of green conversion and 
water seasoning. 
If this timber is converted green so as to avoid damage by borers 
and splitting, and the converted stock is piled \mder moderate protec- 
tion from direct sun, very good results may be obtained. 
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