Part V.] Sweet: On Air Seasoning of Indian Timbers. 41 
(41) Odina Wodier (Appendix I — 41). South Chanda Division, 
Central Provinces. 
The species is a moderately refractory wood, the heartwood of 
which is somewhat liable to damage by surface cracking, cupping, and 
twisting, and the sapwood very susceptible to severe depreciation by 
insects, mould, and decay. The heartwood is of such a nature that it 
seasons very slowly — more slowly than any other species under test. 
The heartwood of logs seasoned for 18 months and' then converted 
into 1\" boards was still only partially dry nine months after con 
version. 
None of the methods were effective in preventing very severe 
depreciation of the sapwood by insects and decay. The heartwood 
seemed to be quite resistant to both insects and decay. 
Girdling and seasoning in ike log reduced the surface cracking and 
twisting of the heartwood, but resulted in incomplete seasoning and 
almost total destruction of the sapwood. 
Water seasoning resulted in the greatest amount of surface cracking 
and twisting. 
Green conversion immediately after felling is said to be very 
difficult because of an exudation of gum from the fresh wood upon 
the saw,^ but, it is thought, should give very good results as regards 
the seasoning. 
None of the methods under trial gave satisfactory results. The 
seasoning of this wood is made difficult by the perishability of the 
sapwood and the extreme slowness of the heartwood in giving up its 
moisture. 
It is probable that green co)ivcrsion followed by careful stacking 
in a semi-open shed offers the best prospects of success in seasoning 
this wood. 
(42) Phyllanthus Emblica (Appendix 1 — 42). Gonda Division, United 
Provinces. 
This species was found to be one of the most refractory woods 
under test due to a pronounced tendency toward surface cracking, 
cupping, and twisting. A certain amount of damage was done by 
borers, particularly in the logs prior to conversion. However, this 
species is known to be attacked by live-wood borers over which the 
method of seasoning brings about no measure of control. No decay 
nor discoloration was evident, although some of the boards which were 
stacked in a poorly ventilated shed were mouldy on the surface. 
All of the pieces under test were sawn from small logs and were 
therefore more or less defective, making it difficult to judge as to the 
real effectiveness of the various methods of seasoning. 
Girdling a.nd water seasoning gave the best results, in that the 
surface cracking was considerably reduced by these methods. How- 
ever, in view of the hability to severe damage by borers the former 
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