AllSINOlTIIEElUM. 
27 
ventral border produced downwards into a pair of blunt hypapopbysial prominences. 
The transverse process {t.p.) is perforated by a vcrtebrarterial canal [v.c .) ; the 
dorsal bar is slender and is continuous above with the outer edge of the neural 
arch ; the ventral bar is much larger, and its base is elongated so that it arises 
from almost the whole length of tlie side of the centrum. 
From the large series of vertebrae preserved in the Museum at Cairo it has 
been possible to make up a set of cervicals with some degree of certainty ; at 
the same time, owing to the great variability in size of the animals from which 
they were derived and the circumstance that so far no associated specimens have 
been found, the following account of the successive vertebrae must be taken as 
provisional, and subject to revision if at any time an associated series should become 
available for description. 
The most notable characteristic of the cervicals as a whole is the shortness of 
their centrum compared to its great width and height. The neck must have 
been as short and massive as in the Elephants, and the movements of the head 
much restricted. 
In the third cervical (text-fig. 10, A) the centrum is roughly quadrate in outline 
with broadly rounded angles. Its neural border is nearly straight, and the ventral 
surface bears a pair of blunt hypapopbysial ridges. Both the anterior and posterior 
faces are slightly concave, and the body is very short in proportion to its width and 
height, the length (thickness) of the middle of the centrum being only 3‘3 cm., while 
its width is 13'6 cm. and its height 11 cm. The pedicles of the neural arch are 
stout, but its upper portion is thin, except towards the summit, where a W-shaped 
thickening represents the neural spine {7i.sp.). The zygapophyses are large and 
their articular faces nearly fiat. The anterior zygapophyses {a.z.) bear on their 
outer side blunt metapophyses. The vertebrarterial canal (v.c.) is enclosed by a 
comparatively thin diapophysis (dp.) above and a much stouter parapophysis {pp.) 
below. This latter arises from the lower part of the side of the centrum. After 
enclosing the canal these processes again diverge into a small upwardly projecting 
process and a much larger one which is directed downwards and backwards. 
The fourth cervical (text-fig. 10, C, D) is much like the last, except that (1) the 
arch slopes a little forwards, (2) the spine is higher, (3) the diapophysial bar of 
the vertebrarterial canal is wider and straighter. 
The fifth cervical (text-fig. 10, B) is generally similar to the fourth, but differs 
in the following respects : — (1) the upper part of the arch is more slender and 
slopes more forwards, (2) the diapophysis is still larger and ends in a large tuberosity, 
(3) the vertebrarterial canal is smaller and rounder, (4) the ventral process of 
the transverse process (tp.) is much elongated and projects considerably below 
and behind the centrum. 
The sixth differs from the last in having shorter parapophysial processes. A 
E 2 
