PSEPIIOPIIOIIUS EOCiENUS. — TESTUDO. 
277 
Sphargis, and is referred to a member of that genus, at least provisionally, until further 
remains are found. 
C. 10028. Left liiiinerus. Type specimen described and figured in Geol. Mag. [4] vol. viii. (1901) 
pp. 440-441, fig. 3. The distal end is imperfect, and the whole bone is somewhat 
abraded at the angles. The dimensions (in centimetres) are : — 
Length, so far as preserved 19 
Width of head 4 
„ at upper end 7‘3 
Least width of shaft above radial process 4'4 
„ „ below radial process 4’2 
R. 3017. Plaster cast of the above specimen. Made in the British Museum. 
R. 3352. Proximal half of a humerus, much sand-worn. 
Suborder THECOPHORA. 
Division A. CRYPTODIRA. 
Family TESTUDINID^. 
Genus TESTUDO, Linnaeus. 
[Syst. Nat. vol. i. (1766) p. 350.] 
Neural bones usually alternately tetragonal and octagonal, but sometimes hexagonal. 
Costal bones alternately wider and narrower. Suture between the marginal and costal 
bones and shields usually coinciding ; supracaudal shield usually single. Plastron 
extensively united to the carapace by suture, with short axillary and inguinal buttresses 
which do not reach, or only just touch, the costal bones; entoplastron usually in front 
of the humero-pectoral suture. 
One of the most remarkable features of the fauna of the Fluvio-marine beds of the 
Fayum is the number of giant Land-Tortoises, probably of several species, that must 
have existed during the period at which they were deposited. A considerable number 
of shells, some in a perfect condition of preservation, have been collected, mostly by 
Mr. Beadnell. The greater number of these specimens belong to the species Testudo 
ammon, already described in brief; other species, less satisfactorily known, will be 
noticed below. 
