104 
TEJn'JAliY VEKTEBIiATA OF THE FAYLAH. 
extoiisivo inuscle-atia,cliincuts. The facial processes of the prema.\illa 3 form the lateral 
borders of the nasal opening ; above they expand slightly and unite in suture with the 
nasals. The sutui-e with the maxilla runs downwards and forwards and crosses the 
alveolar border immediately behind i. 3. The palatal region is almost completely 
concealed by the forward prolongations of the maxilhe, which -will be referred to 
below. 
The 'iiiaxillw {mx.) are very large and greatly elongated elements; their palatine 
plates are narrovv and their alveolar borders are straight and parallel wdth one another. 
Posteriorly the palatine ])lates are separated by the palatines, which, in the specimen 
hgured on PI. VIII., extend forwards as far as the level of the anterior crest of m. 1. 
It appears, however, that some change in the relative position of the palatines and the 
molar series takes place as the hinder molars come into position, for in another 
specimen, in which the last molar is in wear, the anterior end of the palatines is 
opposite 7n.‘l, and the posterior border of the palate opposite the hind lobe, of m. 3. 
Anteriorly the maxillae send forwards plates of bone beneath the palatine surface of 
the premaxilloe, extending almost up to the sockets of the anterior incisors. This same 
peculiarity may be seen in the later Proboscideans, in which the anterior prolongations 
of the maxillae may actually help to form part of tlie hinder border of the alveoli of 
the tusks, to the support of which they greatly contribute. There seems to be a 
single elongated anterior palatine vacuity, lying between the premaxilhe and the 
slightly divergent anterior prolongations of the maxillae. The facial portion of the 
maxilla meets the nasal above, thus cutting off the frontal from the premaxilla by a 
short interval. The relations with the lachrymal cannot be made out, but the union 
with the frontals forms a long straight suture running downwards and backwards ; 
its posterior end is obscure in all specimens. The zygomatic process arises considerably 
above the alveolar border ; its base is very long, its anterior end being considerably in 
front of the anterior premolar (imi. 2), the posterior opposite the hinder border of 
pm. 4. Anteriorly the process is jierforated by a large antorbital foramen (PI. IX. 
tig. 1, «.o./.), which opens on the face immediately over the anterior end oi pm. ‘1. 
Above it forms the floor of the orbit in front, and behind it is overlapped by the jugal. 
The free portion of the zygomatic process is short and stout. 
The jugal {ju.) is large and forms the greater part of the zygomatic arch. 
Posteriorly it runs back beneath the zygomatic process of the squamosal as far as the 
uleiioid cavity, in the formation of which it takes a small share. In front of this 
the bone curves gently downwards, and anteriorly it overlaps the zygomatic process 
ol' the maxilla, with which it unites in a long suture, nearly straight externally, 
but >-shaped on the inner face of the arch. The anterior extremity of the bone, 
together with the underlying maxilla, forms a small ])ostorbital projection, which 
marks the posterior limit of tlie orbit, which was very small. 
The palatines {plj, ^ts above described, form the hinder portion of the hard 
