248 
TEliTlAKY VEilTEJ31iATA OF THE FAYUM. 
anterior root of ])m. 3, and beneath it a smaller aperture. The alveolar border is 
broad : in front are the large single alveoli for the canine, which is much larger than 
the incisoi's, and for the first premolar, behind and to the outer side of which are 
shallow })its for the points of the lower teeth. Then come the alveoli for the large 
double-rooted jnn. 2 ; behind and to the inner side of the posteiior root of this and 
the remaining preinolars are deep fossm for the reception of the ])oints of the lower 
teeth. The third and fourth premolars are large three-rooted teeth which -will be 
described below. The first molar is beneath the orbit; it had two or three roots, there 
being doubt as to whether the wide posterior root is merely grooved or actually divided 
into two. '\\diether any other molars were present is uncertain, but probably there was 
at least one more. The palatine surface of the maxilla is raised into a broad ridge 
as far back as the hinder end of the second premolar ; then it flattens out to form 
the palate and unites behind with the palatines in an oblique suture : there is 
a pair of small posterior palatine foramina. The inner face of the bone forming the 
wall of the nasal passage is strongly concave from above downwards ; on this face 
towards the anterior end of the bone is a strong longitudinal ridge increasing in 
height backwards, perhaps representing the rnaxillo-turbinal. The laclirijmal (la.) 
is a small element forming a slight ])rojection at the anterior border of the orbit 
and wedged in between the frontal, the jugal, and the maxilla. The jugal {ju.) 
is a comparatively stout bar of bone, the anterior end of which is thrust 
between the lachrymal and the backward prolongation of the maxilla; it forms 
the ventral border of the orbit. Its free portion is slightly flattened from above 
downwards in front and from side to side posteriorly ; its pointed posterior end 
underlies the strong zygomatic process of the squamosal [sq.]. 4'his bone is very 
large and forms the whole of the great lateral expansion of the hinder part of the 
skull. Posteriorly it unites with the su})raoccipital above, then with the exocci[)ital, 
and below' this again with tlie mastoid ])ortion of the ])eiiotic. Mxternal to this 
it forms a broad cimcave surface, looking backwards and forming the lateral region 
of the posterior face of the skull. The lambdoidal crest is continued on the 
scpiamosal, running dowmwards in a,u S-shaped curve, then becoming continuous with 
the sharp upper border of the zygomatic process. The upper edge of the bone unites 
with the supraoccipital and in front of this with tlie i)arietal, the line of union with 
which runs dowmwards and fijrwards and is raised into a moderately i)rominent ridge. 
Its anterior border is produced forwards as a sharp-edged shelf, the lower face of 
which is occu])ied by the glenoid articulation for the mandible, 'fhe large zygomatic 
prominence {zgg.) projects consideralily beyond the rest of the bone; ])osteriorly it 
is produced downwards into a large flange-like postglenoid jirocess. The anterior 
free portion of the zygomatic ])roc('ss is convex externally, its uj)])er edge being 
continuous jiosteriorly w'ith the lambdoidal crest, as already mentioned ; the jngal 
runs back beneath it as far as the anterior boundary of the glenoid surface. 
